王澍批判性文人品格下的建筑创作解析

发布时间：2018-04-10 19:15

本文选题：王澍 + 批判性文人品格　；参考：《哈尔滨工业大学》2013年硕士论文

【摘要】：随着城市化进程的急速扩张，传统建筑文化逐渐土崩瓦解，“非正常死亡”建筑、“短命建筑”层出不穷，当代中国建筑实践始终在“风格”和“样式”间迷茫，在“回归传统”与“迈向现代化”间徘徊。在近三十年的快速建设之后，中国建筑将走向何方值得每一个关心中国城市和建筑的人来进行思考。而此时，作为首位获得普利策建筑奖的中国建筑师，王澍的获奖似乎有着特别的意味。本论文以文献整理、实例列举、实地考察及学科交叉为研究方法，试图通过全面解析王澍的创作思路和方法，解读其作品的鲜明特征，获悉其作品深意。首先，不与同流的边际思维是王澍批判性文人品格建筑创作的思想体现。他坚守着批判性文人独立的见解和操守而与众不同，不人云亦云。他对现有设计思路、建筑教育制度进行批判和质疑，同时建立了自己独有的、独特的思想及设计理念来应对或试图改变现世现状。这种思想看似处于主流的、专业的建筑创作思维边缘，实则对其产生一定冲击及影响。王澍远离主流、淡化标准、审思现代，以一种“业余”的态度来应对“专业”的机械、僵化及脱离生活；面对麻木复制的历史、逐渐土崩瓦解的自然山水体系以及外表华丽实则空洞僵化的城市建设，他以独特的“文人”思维，用“文人”的情怀、情趣及创作来抵抗“职业”建筑师的批量复制、麻木重复与无趣的做法。他注重在建筑设计中体现出传统气韵和造园情趣，并试图以此来拉近已逐渐疏远的天人关系；对“小品”的重视，使他不同于大多“以宏观为主”的建筑师的强调先整体后局部、先重点及一般的习常思维。他淡化既定的等级秩序，在设计开始仅针对真实细节本身、日常生活所悟进行关注和多次推敲，不做深度意义的赋予，而是把解释的权利还给个人。使得那些日常被忽略的、处于次要位置的事物反转成为主要的关注对象。这种不与同流的边际思维，使他偏离正统，远离常规，有别于主流大众，却真正回归真实生活，重返中国本土建筑学。其次，实验隐逸的传统解构是王澍批判性文人品格建筑创作的手法表达。王澍对传统的流失产生黍篱之悲，他远离麻木复制传统的方式，却积极入世、实验革新、脱离规矩，创造性地开辟出一条继承传统的独特且有价值的探索性途径。他以一种历史演进的“实验性”方式将传统建筑既定的构成原则及规律进行拆解后重新构筑，进而对传统进行一种建设性的再利用。在形体处理上，王澍通过将旧有的传统形象、界面、体态的固定组合规律及构图体系进行消解，并在保留其精髓的基础上进行重新组合、多样变动及演绎，将传统形体进行现代转置，令建筑具有了双重甚至多重价值；在空间设计上，王澍将对园林本质的深刻领悟——自由、多义、些许的不合理叠加到现代空间、尺度及功能中，以此来试图使人们在脱离正统做法的场所中体会到真正的富有质感的建筑愉悦和自由；在细部处理上，他重新援引和组织传统建筑材料、符号及构造节点这些处于羸弱话语权地位的传统要素，从而形成新的形式语言，并以此来探索其异于常态的潜在的形式及功能的可能性和力量。王澍试图使这些历史的“弃物”融进新的个体中，从而赋予这些历史片断更加主动的价值。最后，融汇古今的变异形式是王澍批判性文人品格建筑创作的作品特征。面对城市的扩张及其建设的无序，王澍秉承着批判性文人品格，以作品或文字批判反思城市的重点所在，他善于思辨现状，审慎应对传统，在摒弃复古与历史主义的前提下，与过去衔接并继承。品味王澍的建筑仿佛游身处时空转换机中，他的作品是探索性的、思辨性的，将人们习以为常的建筑语言给以全新的诠释，使人们在置身于传统意境的同时体会到强烈的现代气息，最终呈现出融汇古今的淡化时间与空间的秩序和界限的差异性建筑形式。他将中国传统关于自然与建筑关系及造园手法中的尺度观等传统布局方式在这里进行现代转译，，使得建筑与环境，建筑与建筑，建筑本身的主与次、大与小的相互制约得以转变，呈现一种转译传统布局关系的衍变系统。他强调建筑语言谱系的无等级划分，设计中的任何要素均可具有能动的、超乎寻常的力量；王澍淡化了传统与现代在时间上的明确界限，使得同一建筑场景、建筑立面及建筑形态呈现出不同的年代氛围及迷乱了实际体验的差异性感受；王澍注重在现代设计中将传统构件符号、肌理符号的神韵以一种新的秩序进行表达，使其在基于对历史的尊重而不是模仿的前提下，呈现出新的气质和含义。本文试图通过对王澍批判性文人品格下的创作思想、手法及表现特征的解读，对王澍形成一个较为全面、客观的认识。试图探讨在新时期，建筑师应如何在现代建筑设计中，对传统文化进行符合时代特色的表达。这不仅对于唤醒中国本土建筑师如何创作具有真正“中国味道”的作品具有重要的启示作用，更是指引着世界未来的建筑发展方向。
[Abstract]:With the rapid expansion of city urbanization, traditional architectural culture is crumbling, "Wrongful Death" architecture, ephemeral architecture of contemporary architectural practice Chinese always emerge in an endless stream, in the "style" and "style" confused, in the "return to tradition" and "modernization" Wandering between. After nearly thirty years of rapid construction China, the building will go where it is worth every care China city and building people to think. But this time, as the first Pulitzer prize for architecture Chinese architect, Wang Shu's award-winning seems to have a special meaning. In this paper, the literature, examples, fieldwork and interdisciplinary research methods, trying to through the creation of ideas and methods of comprehensive analysis of Wang Shu, the distinctive characteristics of the interpretation of his works, his work was informed of meaning.
First of all, and the marginal flow is Wang Shu's critical thinking and the character of architecture creation embodied. He maintained their independent critical insights and conduct and out of the ordinary, not others. He is on the existing design ideas, criticize and question of building the education system, and establish their own unique ideas, and unique design concept to or try to change this situation. To deal with this idea seems to be in the mainstream, architectural creation thinking edge professional, but have a certain impact and its influence on Wang Shu. Away from the mainstream, desalination standards, thinking of modern, in an "amateur" approach to deal with the "professional" mechanical, rigid and out of life; face numb to reproduce the history of crumbling natural landscape system and looks gorgeous but empty rigid city construction, with his unique "literati" thinking, "writer" Feelings, sentiment and creative mass against "occupation" architect replication, numbness repetition and boring practice. He pays attention to reflect the spirit and taste of traditional gardening in architectural design, and tries to close gradually alienated relationship between heaven and man; the "sketch" attention, make him different from most "macro" the architects emphasize global and local, to focus on the general and common thinking. He established the desalination rank order, at the start of the project only for the real details of everyday life itself, to focus and do not give repeated scrutiny, deep meaning, but the interpretation of the right to return that person. Daily neglected, in a secondary position that inversion becomes the main object of attention. This is not the same with the marginal thinking flow, which makes him deviate from the orthodox, far from routine, is different from the mainstream, but the real return true Life, return to Chinese architecture.
Secondly, the hermit tradition is the expression of the character of Wang Shu's critical deconstruction of architectural creation methods. Wang Shu on the traditional loss of millet Lei sad, he is far away from the traditional way but copy numb, active in the world, the innovation, from the rules, creatively opened up a tradition unique and valuable exploration he is in a way. The historical evolution of the "experimental" way of traditional buildings constitute established principles and rules for dismantling and re build, reuse and a construction of the traditional form. In the process, Wang Shutong will be the old traditional image interface, fixed combination of law and system of body composition the digestion, and re combination in retain their essence, their changes and interpretation, the traditional form of modern architecture has to transpose, double or even multiple values in space design; Wang Shu, the garden essence of profound understanding: freedom, polysemy, unreasonable superposition of some modern space, scale and function, to try to make people feel the real rich texture of the building to happiness and freedom from orthodoxy places; in the details, he re quoted and traditional organization building materials, symbols and structures of these nodes is weak discourse status of traditional elements, thus forming a new form of language, and to explore the possibility and strength of the form and function of their potential is different from normal. Wang Shushi map make the historical "waste" into a new individual, thus giving the history fragments of more active value.
Finally, the variation of the fusion of ancient and modern works of critical features of Wang Shu s character of architectural creation. With the expansion of the city and the construction of the disorder, Wang Shu inherits the critical literati character, in order to focus on the works or text of critical reflection on the city, he is good at thinking situation, carefully deal with the traditional, in the premise of abandon retro and historicism. With the past convergence and inheritance. The taste of Wang Shu construction as tour in space conversion machine, his work is exploratory, speculative, common people will give a new interpretation of architectural language, so that people feel a strong modern at the same time in the traditional artistic conception, eventually showing the order and limits of desalination time and space of the difference of the fusion of ancient and modern architectural forms. He will China traditions concerning the relationship between nature and architecture and gardening practices in scale traditional layout Type of modern translation here, the architecture and environment, architecture and architecture, the building itself with the main, large and small interaction to change, evolution system presents a translation of traditional layout relations. He stressed that no classification of architectural language of the spectrum, can be any element in the design of a dynamic and the extraordinary strength; Wang Shu has weakened the traditional and modern at the time of the clear boundaries, the same architectural scene, building facades and architectural form showing in different atmosphere and confusion differences between the actual experience of feeling in modern design; Wang Shu pays attention to the traditional component symbols, symbols of expression to the charm of texture a new order, the respect for history and not based on the premise of imitation, showing the temperament and new meaning.
This paper attempts to Wang Shu literati character creation under the critical thinking, interpretation methods and features, to form a more comprehensive and objective understanding of Wang Shu, try to explore in the new period, how should the architects in the modern architectural design, expression of traditional culture with characteristics of the times. This is not only for the local Chinese wake up the architect has an important role in how to create real "Chinese taste" works, is to guide the future direction of the development of architecture in the world.

【学位授予单位】：哈尔滨工业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：TU-86

【参考文献】