中国国家公园设置及其标准研究

发布时间：2018-04-12 17:55

本文选题：自然遗产 + 管理模式　；参考：《福建师范大学》2013年博士论文

【摘要】：处于转型时期的中国社会,随着城市化进程的加快和人们物质、文化需求水平的提高,自然旅游热促使自然遗产资源大规模开发利用,自然生态环境和资源管理成为我国社会深化改革和持续发展所必须高度重视的前沿命题。一方面中国遗产地面积不断扩大,建立了遗产地体系,另一方面却存在管理薄弱、经验缺失、标准不一、经费短缺、保护与利用矛盾突出等问题。构建先进的自然保护理念,创新科学有效的中国自然遗产管理模式,是当前中国遗产资源管理亟待破解的重大课题。基于这样的现实背景,本文以国家公园管理模式为题,应用可持续发展理论、系统理论、生态管理理论、重复博弈理论、协同演化理论等相关学科的理论,采取文献研究、社会调查、统计分析、比较分析以及实证研究等多种社会科学研究方法,探讨中国遗产地建设国家公园的必要性和可行性,研究中国特色国家公园的宗旨内涵以及设置标准。首先,针对我国现行遗产资源管理体制多重目标、多重管理、企业化经营等问题,采取专家和公众问卷调查的方式,论证中国设置国家公园的必要性和可行性。研究认为建立国家公园是国家遗产资源管理的战略选择,乃可持续发展之必要、规范管理之必要、消除制度弊端之必要、绿色旅游之必要、生态保护事业及国际交流合作之必要。其次,提出保护优先的效益协同假设,构建了保护优先效益协同的国家公园管理理论模型,并选取国外代表性组织和国家的国家公园以及中国现行各类国家级遗产地,进行概念、设置宗旨和评价标准的分析对比,提取主要评价因素,吸纳研究过程中发现的新要素,设计中国国家公园设置标准的指标模型和指标体系。第三,以福建泰宁世界遗产地为实证地,进一步证实了现行自然遗产地管理制度和管理方式的缺陷及其自然破坏风险,验证了本研究所提出设置标准的可行性和适用性,提出设置中国国家公园的初步构想。研究表明,国家公园是中国自然遗产管理可以借鉴并必须加快建立的有效管理模式,该模式能够解决现行遗产地管理中存在的问题,本研究所设计的设置标准可行适用,具有一定的科学性和指导实践的实用价值、决策参考意义。
[Abstract]:In the transitional period, with the acceleration of urbanization and the improvement of people's material and cultural needs, the natural tourism boom has promoted the large-scale exploitation and utilization of natural heritage resources.Natural ecological environment and resource management have become the frontier proposition that our society must attach great importance to in deepening the reform and sustainable development.On the one hand, the area of Chinese heritage land is expanding and the system of heritage land has been established, on the other hand, there are some problems such as weak management, lack of experience, different standards, shortage of funds, outstanding contradiction between protection and utilization, and so on.Constructing the advanced concept of natural protection and innovating the scientific and effective management mode of Chinese natural heritage is an important task that needs to be solved urgently in the current management of Chinese heritage resources.Based on this realistic background, this paper applies the theories of sustainable development theory, system theory, ecological management theory, repeated game theory, cooperative evolution theory and other related disciplines to the national park management model.This paper discusses the necessity and feasibility of constructing national parks in China's heritage sites, and studies the connotation and setting standards of the purpose of national parks with Chinese characteristics, including social investigation, statistical analysis, comparative analysis and empirical research and other social science research methods.First of all, aiming at the problems of our country's current heritage resources management system, such as multiple objectives, multiple management, enterprise management and so on, the necessity and feasibility of setting up national parks in China are demonstrated by means of questionnaire survey by experts and the public.It is considered that the establishment of national parks is the strategic choice for the management of national heritage resources, the necessity of sustainable development, the necessity of standardizing management, the necessity of eliminating institutional abuses, and the necessity of green tourism.The necessity of ecological protection and international exchange and cooperation.Secondly, the hypothesis of conservation priority benefit coordination is put forward, and the theoretical model of national park management is constructed, and the representative organizations and national national parks, as well as all kinds of national heritage sites in China are selected.This paper carries on the concept, sets up the purpose and the evaluation standard analysis and contrast, extracts the main appraisal factor, absorbs the new factor found in the research process, designs the index model and the index system of the Chinese national park setting standard.Thirdly, taking the Taining World Heritage site in Fujian Province as an example, the defects of the current natural heritage site management system and management methods and the risk of natural destruction are further confirmed, and the feasibility and applicability of the standards proposed by this study are verified.The preliminary idea of setting up China National Park is put forward.The research shows that the National Park is an effective management model that can be used for reference and must be established in China's natural heritage management. The model can solve the problems existing in the current management of heritage sites.It has certain scientific value and practical value of guiding practice, and decision-making reference significance.
【学位授予单位】：福建师范大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：TU986.54

【参考文献】