村镇建筑简易隔震技术理论与试验研究

发布时间：2018-04-28 05:50

本文选题：隔震技术 + 简易隔震支座　；参考：《广州大学》2013年博士论文

【摘要】：村镇面积占我国国土面积90%以上，村镇地区人口占我国总人口的70%以上。受社会和经济发展水平的限制，村镇民用建筑，造价较低，基本上没有考虑抗震设防。一旦出现地震灾害，村镇地区的房屋将会大量倒塌，人员伤亡惨重。“小震成灾”甚至“小震大灾”成为村镇地区地震灾害的显著特点。传统的叠层钢板橡胶隔震技术在世界范围内经受了地震的考验，证明具有令人惊叹的隔震减震效果。但传统的叠层钢板橡胶隔震支座重量大，制作工艺复杂，造价高，很难在村镇地区推广使用。利用纤维增强工程塑料板替代传统叠层钢板橡胶隔震支座中的钢板，本文研发出一种新型简易隔震支座—纤维增强工程塑料板夹层橡胶隔震支座。由于具有隔震减震性能良好、工艺简单、造价低廉、重量轻、运输安装时不需大型器械，可人工搬运安装、便于施工等特点，新型纤维增强工程塑料板夹层橡胶隔震支座适合在低造价村镇砌体房屋中推广应用，为提高广大村镇房屋的抗震性能提供了一种有效的技术途径。论文围绕新型简易隔震支座展开了以下主要研究工作：（1）新型简易隔震支座的研发。对纤维增强工程塑料板进行拉伸和弯曲性能试验。选择化学结构稳定、造价低廉、力学性能可靠的纤维增强工程塑料板，，替代传统叠层橡胶隔震支座中的钢板，制作出热硫化成型的新型简易隔震支座。（2）新型简易隔震支座的力学性能试验。对新型简易隔震支座进行系统的压缩性能、水平剪切性能、面压相关性、剪切应变相关性、竖向极限性能，以及阻尼特性等试验研究。基于支座的力学性能试验得到其界限性能曲线，并提出简易隔震支座面压和水平剪切位移的合理设计范围。（3）新型简易隔震支座有限元仿真分析。利用通用有限元软件ABAQUS建立简易隔震支座的三维实体有限元模型。分析在竖向压缩和水平剪切状态下，支座内部纤维增强工程塑料板和橡胶层的应力状况，探讨支座水平刚度和纤维增强工程塑料板弹性模量的关系，以及纤维增强工程塑料板和橡胶层应力状况随加劲层弹性模量、边界有无固定约束等因素变化的规律。在此基础上，提出简易隔震支座的水平承载机理，以及翘曲因素对支座内部纤维增强工程塑料板和橡胶层应力状态的影响规律。（4）按1/4缩尺比对海南农村民房典型结构进行原结构模型、加强结构模型和隔震结构模型的模拟地震振动台试验。通过对比分析原结构模型、加强结构模型和隔震结构模型在不同地震输入下的结构反应特征，综合考察海南典型农村自建民居原结构和加强结构的抗震性能，并对内置纤维增强工程塑料板夹层橡胶隔震支座砌体结构的隔震减震效果进行综合评价。（5）利用ABAQUS建立原结构模型、加强结构模型、隔震结构模型的三维非线性动力有限元模型，对之进行弹塑性地震反应分析，并与试验结果进行对比。在此基础上分析原结构模型、加强结构模型和隔震结构模型中裂缝开展情况，进一步验证简易隔震技术的有效性，为这项技术的实际工程应用提供理论支持。（6）将简易隔震支座应用于强震区某乡村抗震示范楼工程。对该工程进行隔震设计，并基于简易隔震支座提出一种适合于低矮村镇建筑的隔震连接构造措施和施工工艺。
[Abstract]:Village towns occupy more than 90 % of our country ' s land area , and the population of villages and towns accounts for more than 70 % of our country ' s total population . With the limitation of social and economic development level , the houses in villages and towns will collapse in a large amount .

This paper develops a new kind of simple shock - isolating support - fiber - reinforced engineering plastic plate sandwich rubber shock - isolating support , which is suitable for spreading and application in low - cost village - town masonry house , and provides an effective technical way for improving the seismic performance of the house .

( 1 ) The research and development of a new type of simple shock - isolating support . The fiber - reinforced engineering plastic plate is subjected to tensile and bending performance tests . The fiber - reinforced engineering plastic plate with stable chemical structure , low manufacturing cost and reliable mechanical property is selected to replace the steel plate in the traditional laminated rubber shock - isolating support , so as to produce a novel simple shock - isolating support for hot vulcanization molding .

( 2 ) The mechanical property test of a new type of simple shock - isolating support . The compression performance , horizontal shearing performance , surface pressure correlation , shear strain correlation , vertical ultimate performance and damping characteristic of the new simple shock - isolating support are studied . Based on the mechanical property test of the support , the limit performance curve is obtained , and the reasonable design range of the surface pressure and horizontal shear displacement of the simple isolation bearing is proposed .

( 3 ) The finite element simulation of a new type of simple shock - isolating support is analyzed . The stress conditions of the plastic plate and the rubber layer in the reinforced engineering plastic sheet and the rubber layer of the support are analyzed under the condition of vertical compression and horizontal shearing . The relationship between the horizontal rigidity of the support and the elastic modulus of the fiber - reinforced engineering plastic sheet is discussed , and the stress conditions of the plastic plate and the rubber layer of the fiber - reinforced engineering are discussed .

( 4 ) According to the scale ratio of 1 / 4 , the original structure model , structural model and seismic isolation structure model of Hainan rural residential buildings are simulated . By comparing the original structure model , the structural response characteristics of the structure model and the seismic isolation structure model under different seismic inputs , the seismic performance of the self - built residential structure and the strengthening structure of the typical rural self - built dwellings are comprehensively investigated , and the seismic isolation effect of the built - in fiber reinforced engineering plastic plate sandwich rubber shock isolation bearing masonry structure is comprehensively evaluated .

( 5 ) A three - dimensional nonlinear dynamic finite element model of the original structure model , the reinforcement structure model and the seismic isolation structure model is established by using the finite element model , and the elastic - plastic seismic response analysis is carried out and compared with the experimental results .

( 6 ) The simple seismic isolation support is applied to the anti - seismic demonstration building project of a village in the strong earthquake area . The seismic isolation design of the project is carried out , and a seismic isolation connection structure and construction process suitable for low - low village buildings are put forward based on the simple seismic isolation support .

【学位授予单位】：广州大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：TU352.12

【参考文献】