大型地下商场火灾风险评估的研究

发布时间：2018-04-29 06:35

本文选题：大型地下商场 + 火灾　；参考：《中国地质大学（北京）》2013年硕士论文

【摘要】：在经济迅猛发展的今天，人民物质生活水平不断提高，为了满足群众日益增长的购物和消费需求，集餐饮、超市、娱乐、休闲、购物于一体的大型购物商场应运而生。另外，由于大中城市人口的日益密集和空间的日益狭小，地下空间的开发与利用已成为不可逆转的趋势，为了节约空间并同时满足人们的需求，大型的地下商场将会越来越普遍，也将在人们的日常生活中发挥越来越重要的作用。由于大型地下商场大多处于人员密集的大中型城市，而且本身具有空间相对密闭，人员流动频繁以及储存物易燃等特性，使得地下商场一旦发生火灾后，火灾面积迅速扩大，人员疏散较为困难，往往造成巨大的经济损失和重大的人员伤亡。因此，针对大型地下商场的特点，分析其火灾特点和火灾危险性，建立火灾风险评估体系，找出商场存在的火灾隐患，提出相应的安全整改措施，，有效预防火灾的发生，减少经济损失和人员伤亡，具有十分重要的意义。论文首先分析了国内外针对火灾风险评估的研究现状，针对我国的具体情况，搜集和了解了近年来一些大型地下商场和地下建筑的火灾事故案例，分析了事故产生的原因类别，统计了事故后果的严重程度，为下文的进一步火灾危险性分析提供了数据和理论指导。其次论文详细介绍了大型地下商场的特点，针对其特点对商场进行了火灾危险性分析，根据具体原则，建立了火灾风险评估体系，一级指标为整个大型商场整体，二级指标为别为建筑、电气、消防、应急、安全管理五个评估单元，各个单元下包含着相应的三级指标。在论文中，运用层次分析法对体系的二、三级指标进行了权重值的计算，应用分级判分安全评估方法对三级指标下的各项要素按照法律法规标准进行打分，最终计算出大型地下商场火灾风险等级。最后，以北京西单文化广场为例，运用所建立的火灾风险评估体系和火灾风险评估的方法对其进行火灾风险评估，并在评估过程中记录商场所存在的隐患，提出整改建议，对其进行整改，达到降低商场火灾风险的目的，使其安全运行。
[Abstract]:With the rapid development of economy, the people's material living standard is improving constantly. In order to meet the increasing demand for shopping and consumption of the masses, the large-scale shopping mall, which integrates food and beverage, supermarket, entertainment, leisure and shopping, emerges as the times require. In addition, due to the increasing population density and the increasingly narrow space in large and medium-sized cities, the development and utilization of underground space has become an irreversible trend, in order to save space and meet the needs of people at the same time, Large underground shopping malls will become more and more common and will play a more and more important role in people's daily life. Because large underground shopping malls are mostly located in large and medium-sized cities with dense personnel, and have the characteristics of relatively closed space, frequent movement of people and flammability of storage materials, the fire area of underground shopping malls expands rapidly once a fire occurs. Evacuation is difficult, often resulting in huge economic losses and heavy casualties. Therefore, according to the characteristics of large underground shopping mall, the fire characteristics and fire risk are analyzed, the fire risk assessment system is established, the hidden fire danger is found out, and the corresponding safety rectification measures are put forward to effectively prevent the fire. It is of great significance to reduce economic losses and casualties. Firstly, this paper analyzes the present situation of fire risk assessment at home and abroad, and in view of the concrete situation of our country, collects and understands the fire accident cases of some large underground shopping malls and underground buildings in recent years, and analyzes the cause categories of the accidents. The severity of the accident consequence is counted, which provides the data and theoretical guidance for the further fire hazard analysis below. Secondly, the paper introduces the characteristics of the large-scale underground shopping mall in detail, analyzes the fire risk of the mall according to its characteristics, and establishes the fire risk assessment system according to the specific principles. The first level index is the whole large-scale market. The second grade index is five evaluation units, which are building, electric, fire fighting, emergency management and safety management. Each unit contains the corresponding three-level index. In the paper, AHP is used to calculate the weight value of the second and third grade indexes of the system, and the safety assessment method of grading points is used to score the elements under the three level indexes according to the standards of laws and regulations. Finally, the fire risk grade of large underground market is calculated. Finally, taking Xidan Cultural Plaza in Beijing as an example, the fire risk assessment system and fire risk assessment method are used to evaluate the fire risk, and in the course of assessment, the hidden dangers of the shopping mall are recorded, and suggestions for rectification are put forward. It can reduce the fire risk and make it run safely.
【学位授予单位】：中国地质大学（北京）
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：TU998.1

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