隔吸声复合式蜂窝夹层板结构的设计与实验研究

发布时间：2018-04-29 12:36

本文选题：蜂窝夹层 + 隔声量　；参考：《哈尔滨工业大学》2013年硕士论文

【摘要】：高速列车在通过高铁高架车站时会对候车厅产生严重的噪声影响。候车厅噪声来源包括站台层传入的直达声和室内混响声，且候车厅站房建筑顶板为主要噪声辐射源。为改善候车厅室内声学环境，在天棚加装降噪结构是最直接有效的措施，本文提出了一种隔吸声复合式蜂窝夹层结构，并结合理论分析，建模计算和实验测试对复合结构进行了参数设计，同时验证复合结构的降噪效果。本文根据波动原理推导了蜂窝夹层板的隔声量表达式，运用声学间接边界元法计算了不同规格蜂窝夹层的隔声量，研究了参数对隔声性能的影响规律。利用模态分析法研究了不同结构的隔声频段特点，相比其他结构，蜂窝夹层板表现出较好的低频隔声效果。建立微穿孔板的声电类比模型，计算了结构的吸声系数。研究了吸声系数峰值、吸声带宽和共振频率随结构参数变化的规律。在此基础上，计算了双层串联微穿孔结构的吸声系数，研究了空腔高度组合对吸声带宽和吸声系数峰值的影响规律。相比单层微穿孔结构，双层结构吸声带宽向低频扩展，低频吸声效果更为显著。利用阻抗管进行了蜂窝夹层板隔声量和微孔蜂窝板吸声系数的测试实验。加工和测试了不同规格的样件，总结了两种结构降噪量实验结果随参数变化的规律。对比蜂窝夹层结构隔声量仿真计算与实验测试结果，分析了密封和边界条件对结构低频隔声效果的影响。根据蜂窝夹层板隔声量计算和测试结果，设计了隔吸声复合结构的隔声结构参数。利用正交试验方法设计了复合结构的吸声部分，确定了最优参数组合。结合双层微孔结构研究结果和多孔材料吸声特性，进行了隔吸声复合式蜂窝夹层结构的设计，确定了结构的层叠方式和主要结构参数。对所设计的隔吸声复合结构进行了等效面密度计算，开展了隔声量和吸收系数测试实验。计算和实验结果表明，所设计隔吸声复合式蜂窝夹层结构满足设计目标要求。
[Abstract]:The high-speed train will have a serious noise effect on the waiting room when it passes through the high-speed elevated station. The noise sources of the waiting room include the direct sound and the reverberation sound from the platform floor, and the roof of the waiting room building is the main source of noise radiation. In order to improve the indoor acoustic environment of the waiting room, it is the most direct and effective measure to add the noise reduction structure in the ceiling. In this paper, a kind of compound honeycomb sandwich structure with sound insulation and absorption is put forward, and the theoretical analysis is combined. The parameter design of the composite structure was carried out by modeling, calculation and experimental test, and the noise reduction effect of the composite structure was verified at the same time. In this paper, the sound insulation expression of honeycomb sandwich plate is derived according to the wave principle. The acoustic indirect boundary element method is used to calculate the sound insulation of honeycomb sandwich with different specifications, and the influence of parameters on the sound insulation performance is studied. The characteristics of sound insulation frequency bands of different structures are studied by modal analysis. Compared with other structures, honeycomb sandwich plates exhibit better low frequency sound insulation effect. The acoustoelectric analogy model of microperforated plate is established and the sound absorption coefficient of the structure is calculated. The variation of the peak absorption coefficient, the absorption bandwidth and the resonance frequency with the structure parameters are studied. On this basis, the sound absorption coefficient of the double-layer series microperforated structure is calculated, and the influence of the cavity height combination on the absorption bandwidth and the peak value of the sound absorption coefficient is studied. Compared with single-layer microperforated structure, the sound absorption bandwidth of double layer structure is extended to low frequency, and the effect of low frequency sound absorption is more remarkable. The sound insulation of honeycomb sandwich plate and the sound absorption coefficient of microporous honeycomb plate were measured by impedance tube. Samples of different specifications were processed and tested, and the experimental results of noise reduction of two structures were summarized. Compared with the simulation and experimental results of sound insulation of honeycomb sandwich structure, the effects of sealing and boundary conditions on the low frequency sound insulation of the structure are analyzed. According to the calculation and test results of the sound insulation of honeycomb sandwich plate, the sound insulation structure parameters of the composite structure are designed. The sound absorption part of the composite structure was designed by orthogonal test, and the optimal parameter combination was determined. Combined with the research results of double-layer microporous structure and the sound absorption characteristics of porous materials, the design of compound honeycomb sandwich structure with sound insulation and absorption was carried out, and the stacking mode and main structural parameters of the structure were determined. The equivalent surface density of the composite structure was calculated, and the sound insulation and absorption coefficient were measured. The results of calculation and experiment show that the design of the compound honeycomb sandwich structure with sound insulation and absorption meets the requirements of the design goal.
【学位授予单位】：哈尔滨工业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：TU87

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