建筑企业标准化战略绩效评价研究

发布时间：2018-05-01 04:31

本文选题：标准化战略 + 绩效评价　；参考：《武汉大学》2013年博士论文

【摘要】：现今标准和标准化是一个时尚的话题,有关ISO标准及其相关认证广泛应用于企业界和管理学界。但是实践中相当多的企业管理上并没有真正做到标准化,部分企业甚至是有选择性地标准化。很多企业进行ISO认证也只是表面功夫,真正完全照做的较少。标准化意识不强造成了中国社会经济生活中的很多假冒伪劣现象。中国企业在标准化竞争中观念落后,企业标准体系不健全,管理机制落后,人才缺乏,搞认证形式主义等是难以克服的大问题。作为国民经济中的重要产业,建筑业与人民群众生活息息相关。尽管我国对建筑业管制较严格,各类工程建设标准非常多,但我国建筑企业管理水平和标准化程度不高,建造方式传统落后,效率较低,在工程建设质量、安全和企业创新等方面问题突出,因而迫切需要实施标准化战略。既有文献关于标准化对企业竞争优势的形成的探讨尚处于比较粗浅的阶段,尚无文献认真分析标准化对企业价值形成、研发和竞争优势等方面的影响过程和作用机制。有关企业标准化战略选择的研究中分析变量一般仅为1-2个,缺乏在内外部复杂环境多变量情况下选择企业标准化战略的方法和模式及其工具选择。此外,战略的实施需要对其绩效进行评价,而对企业战略绩效评价的研究较少,对企业标准化战略绩效的评价则新更是全新的领域。而对建筑企业来说,缺乏将标准化作为企业一项战略行动进行研究的文献。因此,本研究着重解决标准化对企业竞争优势形成等方面的影响机制、多变量情况下标准化战略的选择和实施、标准化战略绩效评价等课题。标准具有多方面的属性,标准化也从多方面促进企业竞争能力提升。标准的经济作用主要表现在增进协调、降低交易费用、解决“柠檬市场”困境、提供绩效评价和考核的尺度、促进贸易等,标准是企业内一种管理手段和考核衡量的尺度,通过标准化可促进创新、降低成本、改善企业与外部的关系,通过与企业知识产权的结合,提供了企业垄断市场和攫取超额利润的基础。在分析了标准化对企业竞争优势提升的作用机制以后,本研究详细探讨了建筑企业标准化战略的选择、实施和评价问题,得出的主要结论如下：第一,建筑企业实施标准化战略对改善企业经营管理水平和提高竞争能力助力极大。第二,建筑企业标准化战略的可选模式和工具较多。从外部环境分析,影响企业标准化战略选择的主要因素有企业所在行业的背景、行业技术特性、法律政策、相关产业支持程度、竞争对手情况等因素。从内部因素分析,企业内部资源和能力是影响企业标准化战略策略和路径的关键因素。企业标准化的发展过程可分为入门、起步、跟进、发展、赶超这五个阶段。第三,应有效测度建筑企业标准化战略实施绩效。本研究中按照绩效评价的基本原理,借鉴了多个方面的学科和知识体系,包括标准化基本理论、项目管理、战略管理、企业标准体系、标准化良好行为企业、质量管理与卓越绩效管理、企业成熟度、平衡计分卡等诸多领域的原理和知识,根据多目标综合评价理论开发了相应建筑企业标准化战略绩效评价体系,并通过具体案例的评价过程验证了该评价体系的科学性和可行性。第四,建筑企业标准化战略实施应采用过程方法并持续改进。应强调标准化战略实施的领导作用、全员参与、系统方法等特点,需要具备良好的标准化氛围和意识的组织文化。从建筑企业标准化战略实施和评价相关文献研究及结论分析,作为企业标准化战略实施及其绩效评价的有益探索,本研究的主要创新点体现在：第一,较详细分析了标准和标准化对企业竞争能力提升的作用机制；第二,研究了基于企业内外部环境多变量因素影响下建筑企业标准化战略可选模式及其演化路径及其在战略实施中的可选工具；第三,构建了基于多学科融合的建筑企业标准化战略绩效评价体系,并通过具体建筑企业为例实证检验了该评价体系的科学性、合理性和标准化战略绩效评价的可行性。最后,为提高建筑企业标准化战略绩效,研究中也从政府和企业两方面给出了相应的政策建议。从政府层面分析,政府要完善标准化运行机制和标准化体系并严格执行,制定完善的标准化战略体系和相关的技术法规及知识产权法规,并优先保证完善工程建设安全、劳动保护、环境保护、劳动者权益保护等方面的标准体系,同时使得标准化建设公开化和信息化。从企业层面分析,企业应首先具备标准化战略的意识,并逐步建立合理的企业标准体系,参与到国内国际各层面标准的制订工作之中,同时企业应协调各标准体系之间的关系,注重于标准化战略相关方面尤其是知识产权保护、信息化建设等工作,选择合适的标准化战略工具并实时监控和持续改进。
[Abstract]:Today ' s standards and standardization are a fashionable topic , and the relevant ISO standards and their related certifications are widely used in the business community and the management circle . However , there are quite a lot of enterprise management in practice not really standardized , some enterprises are even selectively standardized . Many enterprises do not have a strong sense of standardization . The standardization consciousness is not strong , which causes many fake and inferior phenomena in Chinese social and economic life . The Chinese enterprises are backward in the standardized competition , the enterprise standard system is not perfect , the management mechanism is backward , the talent lack , the authentication formalist and so on are difficult to overcome .

As the important industry in the national economy , the construction industry is closely related to the people ' s life . Although China has strict control over the construction industry , the standards of various engineering projects are very much , but the management level and standardization degree of the construction enterprises in our country are not high , the construction mode is traditionally backward , the efficiency is low , and the standardization strategy is urgently needed in the aspects of engineering construction quality , safety and enterprise innovation .

This paper studies the influence mechanism of standardization on the formation of enterprise ' s value , R & D and competitive advantage .

The standard has many attributes , standardization also promotes enterprise ' s competitive ability from various aspects . The standard economic function mainly manifests in improving coordination , reducing transaction cost , solving the " lemon market " predicament , providing the scales of performance evaluation and assessment , promoting trade , etc .

After analyzing the mechanism of standardizing the enterprise ' s competitive advantage , this paper discusses the selection , implementation and evaluation of the standardization strategy of building enterprise . The main conclusions are as follows :

First , construction enterprises implement standardized strategy to improve the management level of enterprises and enhance the competitiveness of enterprises .

Second , there are many alternative models and tools for the standardization strategy of construction enterprises . From the external environment analysis , the main factors that influence the choice of enterprise standardization strategy are the background , industry technical characteristic , legal policy , relevant industry support degree , competition situation and so on . From the internal factor analysis , the internal resources and ability of the enterprise are the key factors that influence the strategy and path of enterprise standardization strategy . The development process of enterprise standardization can be divided into the following five stages : getting started , starting , following up and developing .

Third , we should effectively measure the performance of the construction enterprise standardization strategy . According to the basic principle of performance evaluation , we draw on the principles and knowledge in many fields , including standardization basic theory , project management , strategic management , enterprise standard system , standardized good behavior enterprise , quality management and excellent performance management , enterprise maturity , balanced scorecard , etc .

Fourth , the implementation of standardization strategy of construction enterprise should adopt process method and continuous improvement . It should emphasize the leading role of standardization strategy , the participation of the whole staff , the system method and so on , and the organization culture with good standardized atmosphere and consciousness is needed .

From the research and conclusion analysis of the research and conclusion about the implementation and evaluation of the standardization strategy of the construction enterprise , as the beneficial exploration of the implementation of the enterprise standardization strategy and the performance evaluation , the main innovation points of the research are as follows : First , the mechanism of the standard and standardization of the enterprise ' s competitiveness enhancement is analyzed in detail ;
Secondly , the choice model of building enterprise standardized strategy and its evolutionary path and its optional tools in strategy implementation are studied based on the multi - variable factors of enterprise ' s internal and external environment .
Thirdly , the paper constructs the standard strategic performance evaluation system of building enterprise based on multi - disciplinary integration , and empirically tests the feasibility of scientific , reasonable and standardized strategic performance evaluation of the evaluation system .

Finally , in order to improve the standard strategic performance of the construction enterprises , the corresponding policy suggestions are also given from both the government and the enterprise . From the analysis of the government level , the government should perfect the standard system of standardization operation mechanism and standardization system , and make standardization construction open and informationized . At the same time , the enterprise should have the consciousness of standardizing the strategy and the relevant technical regulations and intellectual property laws . At the same time , the enterprise should establish the rational enterprise standard system and take part in the development work of the national standards at the national level . At the same time , the enterprise should coordinate the relationship between the standard systems , pay attention to the standardization strategy - related aspects , especially the intellectual property protection and information construction , and select the appropriate standardized strategic tool and monitor and continuously improve the standard system in real time .

【学位授予单位】：武汉大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：F272;F426.92

【参考文献】