现代建筑表皮认知途径与建构方法研究

发布时间：2018-05-08 11:59

本文选题：建筑表皮 + 认知途径　；参考：《江南大学》2013年博士论文

【摘要】：建筑的认知模式和审美观念在当代已发生很大变化。建筑设计正从求得一个固定的功能空间和美的形式转向公共领域环境活力和体验多样性的开发。为此，建筑表皮借助理念、材料、技术的突破发展出许多新的体验价值与认知属性。它不但在应对气候、环境、能源问题方面发挥重要作用，而且还是当代社会最为活跃的景观元素之一。表皮已成为建筑学前沿探索的重要内容。“视觉文化”氛围、“景象社会”背景以及高度发达的建造技术使表皮成为当代设计师完善建筑功能和把握建筑形态的有力抓手，前提是正确把握其认知与设计的内在规律。本文运用演绎论证、实验分析和多学科交叉的方法，针对现代建筑表皮的认知途径和建构方法展开系统研究。借助于生物表皮特征的相关性分析，，将现代建筑表皮的基本职能归纳为“相对独立的表层构造”、“综合性的功能界面”和“表现性的视觉界面”。利用认知心理学、设计符号学理论建立建筑表皮的符号系统，阐明符号系统的构成要素和传达机制。结合眼动实验，利用建筑现象学理论推导出“直观表象”、“建筑样式”、“场所文脉”、“社会景观”四条建筑表皮的认知途径，阐明各条途径的认知特点。结合认知途径分析，提出了“营造与技术”建构、“视觉与文化”建构两种表皮建构方法。将建筑类型学理论导入对表皮样式营造策略的思考。探明建筑表皮的原型和分类原则，建立其分类网架，提取“面罩”、“显露”、“复合”三种表皮类型。确定表皮类型的“转换”模式，提出基于“类型演化”、“类型并置”、“类型穿插”、“类型合成”四种转换模式的营造策略。阐明“表皮元素技术转型”对整体建构的影响，确立“墙的分解”、“柱的变形”、“立面开口的演化”、“顶面的重构”四种表皮构造的转型模式。归纳出“适宜技术”、“高技术”、“生态技术”的建构策略。在“视觉与文化”层面提出“构成文法”、“材料表现”、“图形演绎”三条建构策略。提出“点的变异、组合、聚散”、“线的张力、穿插、流动”、“面的转折、起伏、组合、叠加”和“摺叠”的构成手法。针对天然材料、烧土制品、近代材料、现代新型材料提出“返璞归真”、“形色变幻”、“自由塑形”、“诗意建构”四种材料建构方法。分析表皮界面的图形要素，确立“符号象征”、“表面装饰”、“肌理图案”、“动态图像”四种表现手法。本文通过认知途径和建构方法的研究深化了对现代建筑表皮设计理念和表现策略的系统思考。通过“营造与技术”层面和“视觉与文化”层面的建构，建筑表皮可及时转化与整合来自技术、艺术、文化、传播、社会服务等领域的创新成果，针对复杂、多元的认知诉求，积极改善单调、贫乏、混乱和缺乏归属感的建筑面貌，有效提升城市环境的品质和公共空间的活力。
[Abstract]:The cognitive mode and aesthetic concept of architecture have changed greatly in the present age. Architectural design is changing from a fixed functional space and a beautiful form to the development of environmental vitality and experience diversity in the public domain. Therefore, the architectural epidermis develops many new experience values and cognitive attributes with the breakthrough of idea, material and technology. It not only plays an important role in dealing with climate, environment and energy problems, but also is one of the most active landscape elements in contemporary society. Epidermis has become an important part of architectural frontier exploration. The "visual culture" atmosphere, the "scene society" background and the highly developed construction technology make the epidermis become the powerful grasp hand of the contemporary designer to perfect the architectural function and grasp the architectural form, the premise is to correctly grasp the inherent law of its cognition and design. Based on deductive demonstration, experimental analysis and interdisciplinary method, this paper makes a systematic study on the cognitive approach and construction method of modern architectural epidermis. With the help of the correlation analysis of biological epidermis features, the basic functions of modern architectural epidermis are classified as "relatively independent surface structure", "comprehensive functional interface" and "expressive visual interface". By means of cognitive psychology, the theory of design semiotics is used to establish the symbolic system of architectural epidermis, and to clarify the constituent elements and communication mechanism of symbolic system. Combined with eye movement experiment, this paper deduces the cognitive approaches of four architectural epidermis, namely "visual representation", "architectural style", "place context" and "social landscape", using the theory of architectural phenomenology, and clarifies the cognitive characteristics of each way. Based on the analysis of cognitive approaches, this paper puts forward two kinds of epidermal construction methods: construction and technology construction and visual and cultural construction. The theory of architectural typology is introduced into the strategy of building epidermis style. The archetype and classification principle of building epidermis are studied, and the classification network is established, and three types of epidermis are extracted, such as "mask", "exposure" and "compound". The transformation pattern of epidermal type is determined, and the construction strategies based on "type evolution", "type juxtaposition", "type intercalation" and "type composition" are put forward. This paper expounds the influence of "technological transformation of epidermal elements" on the whole construction, and establishes four transition modes of "wall decomposition", "deformation of columns", "evolution of facade openings" and "reconstruction of top surface". The construction strategies of "appropriate technology", "high technology" and "ecological technology" are summarized. At the level of "vision and culture", this paper puts forward three construction strategies of "constitution grammar", "material representation" and "figure deduction". This paper puts forward the construction techniques of "variation, combination, accumulation and dispersion of points", "tension of lines, intercalation, flow", "turning point, undulation, combination, superposition" and "folding". Aiming at natural materials, burning earth products, modern materials and modern new materials, four construction methods of materials are put forward, such as "returning to nature", "changing form and color", "free shaping" and "poetic construction". This paper analyzes the graphic elements of the epidermis interface, and establishes four expressive techniques: symbolic symbol, surface decoration, texture pattern and dynamic image. Through the research of cognitive approach and construction method, this paper deepens the systematic thinking about the concept and expression strategy of modern architectural epidermis design. Through the construction of "construction and technology" and "vision and culture", architectural epidermis can be transformed and integrated in time from the fields of technology, art, culture, communication, social service and so on, aiming at the complex and diverse cognitive demands. Actively improve the monotonous, poor, chaotic and lack of sense of belonging of the architectural appearance, effectively improve the quality of the urban environment and public space vitality.
【学位授予单位】：江南大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：TU201

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