新型柴油降凝剂的合成及性能研究

发布时间：2017-12-27 14:25

本文关键词：新型柴油降凝剂的合成及性能研究　出处：《上海应用技术学院》2016年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：柴油作为广泛使用的一种矿物油,因其热功率高、动力强劲、相对节能等诸多优势,具有极为广阔的发展及应用前景。但是柴油低温流动性不佳的问题一直制约着其发展,进而因此种冲突引起人们的强烈关注。探究其中原理,并解决此类问题显得刻不容缓。本文以0#柴油1、松江0#柴油和0#柴油2作为研究对象,系统的探究了其族组分、正构烷烃含量与其低温流动性,及其对降凝剂的感受性间的关系。同时,针对性的合成了对松江0#柴油这种类型柴油具有较佳降凝效果的降凝剂,并对其降凝机理进行了相应的研究。主要结论如下：(1)所分析的具有代表性的三种0#柴油中,松江0#柴油的低温流动性最差。一般的降凝剂对其降凝效果不仅不佳,还存在不降反升的可能。对其蜡含量、族组分等分析得知松江0#柴油存在着饱和烃含量高的特点,且正构烷烃分布相对集中,这样使得降凝剂与其共晶对体系进行相应的性能改进空间变窄,这是导致其低温流动性和降凝剂感受性差的一个原因。(2)合成了一系列的甲基丙烯酸高碳醇酯即：十四酯/十六酯/十八酯(英文缩写MC14、 MC16、MC18)、马来酸酐共聚物及酰亚胺(英文缩写PMC-MA和PMC-MA-a),并对其进行了核磁共振波谱、红外光谱、凝胶渗透色谱等分析,得知所得聚合物具有梳状(锯齿状)结构。(3)降凝剂的降凝效果受诸多因素的影响,而其有相互关联。经过一系列的比较测试,得出800ppm是性能较为优异,又比较经济适用的加量。(4)在合成降凝剂之余,为探究其有效性故对其进行了加剂后的冷凝点SP和冷滤点CFPP测试。结果表明,在共聚物及酰亚胺中,P(16MC-MA-a)在添加量为800ppm时对0#柴油作用效果最好,分别能使柴油的SP和CFPP下降6℃和4℃。在复配降凝剂中,P(16MC-MA)与P(18MC-MA-a)复配所得的PPDC2在添加量为800ppm时能够使柴油的SP和CFPP下降26℃和11℃。且PPDC2经过数十天的静置,仍能保持良好的降凝性能。(5)热力学表明降凝剂的加入,改变柴油本身的焓变ΔH,使得柴油的蜡晶析出点发生了明显的变化,而其中又以P(16MC-MA-a)和PPDC2最为明显；低温偏光显微镜POM测试直观地表明加入降凝剂后,在临近冷凝点时,大部分依然是液态柴油,视野蜡晶减少；而流体力学测试则表明合成的降凝剂使其能在更低温度下呈现牛顿流体。
[Abstract]:As a widely used mineral oil, diesel has extensive development and application prospects due to its high thermal power, strong power and relative energy saving. But the problem of low temperature flow of diesel oil has been restricting its development, and then the conflict caused people's intense attention. It is urgent to explore the principles and solve these problems. In this paper, 0# diesel 1, Songjiang 0# diesel and 0# diesel 2 were selected as the research objects. The relationship between their components and n-alkanes content and their low temperature fluidity and their susceptibility to pour point depressants were systematically explored. At the same time, the pour point depressant has been synthesized for this type of diesel oil of Songjiang 0# diesel, and the mechanism of its condensation is studied. The main conclusions are as follows: (1) of the three representative 0# diesel oil analyzed, the low temperature fluidity of Songjiang 0# diesel oil is the worst. The depressing effect of the depressant is not only bad, but also the possibility of not falling and rising. To know Songjiang 0# diesel engine has the characteristics of high saturated hydrocarbon content of the wax content, analysis of group classification, and n-alkanes distribution is relatively concentrated, so that the depressant and eutectic system on the corresponding performance improvement space narrowing, this is due to the low temperature fluidity and depressant agent a cause of bad feelings the. (2) the synthesis of methacrylic acid esters a series: Fourteen / sixteen / eighteen ester ester ester (abbreviated MC14, MC16, MC18 English), maleic anhydride copolymer and imide (English abbreviation PMC-MA and PMC-MA-a), and analyzed the chromatography nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, infrared spectroscopy, gel that penetration of the resulting polymers have comb (serrated) structure. (3) the depressing effect of depressant is influenced by many factors, and it is related to each other. After a series of comparative tests, it is concluded that 800ppm is more excellent in performance and more economical. (4) after synthesizing the depressant, the condensation point SP and the cold filter point CFPP were tested to explore its effectiveness. The results showed that when the amount of P (16MC-MA-a) was 800ppm, the effect of 0# (0#) on the copolymer and imide was the best, which could decrease the SP and CFPP of diesel oil by 6 and 4 degrees respectively. In the compound depressant, the PPDC2 of P (16MC-MA) and P (18MC-MA-a) can decrease the SP and CFPP of diesel oil by 26 and 11 at the addition of 800ppm. And PPDC2 can still maintain good degrading performance after dozens of days of static. (5) thermodynamic show that adding depressant, change the enthalpy of H diesel engine itself, the wax precipitation point of diesel oil changed obviously, and the P (16MC-MA-a) and PPDC2 was the most obvious; low temperature polarizing microscope POM test intuitively show that adding depressant, near the condensation point still, most liquid diesel, wax crystal vision decreased; and the fluid mechanics test shows that the depressant synthesis which can show the Newton fluid at lower temperature.
【学位授予单位】：上海应用技术学院
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：TE624.81

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