大王庄油田沙二段滩坝砂层序地层特征及控制因素

发布时间：2018-01-05 15:15

本文关键词：大王庄油田沙二段滩坝砂层序地层特征及控制因素　出处：《成都理工大学》2015年博士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：滩坝砂是我国东部中新生代断陷湖盆中一种非常重要的砂体类型,主要表现为砂体厚度小,横向和纵向变化快,其规模、砂体发育程度远不及冲积扇、河流、三角洲、浊积扇等其它类型的砂体,过去对该类砂体的关注程度比较低,随着勘探开发程度的不断提高,后备接替储量的需要,滩坝砂成为近十年来岩性油藏的重要勘探对象之一,尤其是在胜利油田,滩坝砂储层已经成为油田后备储量和产量接替的重要目标。但是,在不同的次一级凹陷中,滩坝砂的沉积特征、组合特征以及分布特征都完全不同,尽管前人曾经对断陷湖盆中滩坝储集体有了较为深入的研究,也摸索出一些规律。然而,因为不同次一级凹陷的构造演化程度和发育历史不完全一样,因而,在不同的凹陷,必须从凹陷的具体演化特征出发,探索沉积规律,从而预测滩坝砂的发育规律,有效指导油气的勘探和开发。在车镇凹陷沙二段的滚动勘探中,已发现滩砂、坝砂、碳酸盐岩滩坝等多种滩坝类型的储层,并有良好的油气显示,储集层多样,沉积类型丰富。由于断陷湖盆频繁的构造运动、复杂多变的盆地沉积基底构造特征、沉积动力学差别较大等原因,其滩坝砂体的成因及控砂机制具有自身的特点和发育规律。本文选择车镇凹陷沙二段滩坝作为研究对象,以现代沉积为参考,以层序地层学理论为指导,以现代地球物理处理和解释方法为手段,地质与地球物理相结合,结合地球化学的分析资料,把古气候条件、古地貌条件、古水深分析和构造演化特征、石油地质条件和油藏分布综合研究,在充分吸收和消化前人研究成果的基础上,摸清车镇凹陷的层序发育特征、沉积相特征、滩坝砂的分布特征以及控制滩坝砂发育的因素,为滚动勘探和开发提供可靠的地质依据,同时丰富滩坝砂研究的理论。取得的主要成果和认识如下:(1)充分利用三维地震资料、测井资料、钻井岩心和地球化学资料,依据不整合面的类型和特征、湖泛面的识别、沉积特征和旋回分析,将沙河街组划分为5个级别层序组合。通过区域上的层序地层对比,发现层序地层和滩坝砂体之间具有较为明显的相关关系,滩坝砂体在基准面下降转为上升的过程以及上升半旋回的下部最为发育。古地貌也影响了地层的发育情况,砂层组在构造高点处地层变薄,砂层组减少;在构造低部位,地层厚度较大,砂层发育多,一些砂层在高部位缺失。(2)详细研究了沙二段的岩性特征、粒度分布特征、层理类型和生物扰动组合特征,结合测井曲线特征和类型以及沉积构造和岩性在纵向上的变化特征,对滩坝砂体进行了详细划分,划分出了砂坝主体微相、砂坝侧缘微相、坝间微相、滩主体微相、滩间微相,建立了研究区的沉积模型。通过单井沉积相的分析和剖面沉积相对比,建立了研究区沙二段的沉积体系。通过对地震资料频谱处理、波形分类、相位和振幅的处理和解释,实现了薄砂体的识别和预测。通过对地震波形的自组织神经网络分析,建立了能代表全区地震道形状变化的典型梯度序列,通过瞬时频率分析技术振幅叠合属性分析技术,建立了砂岩楔状体的正演模型,识别了薄层砂体的分布。(3)全面分析了滩坝砂体发育的控制因素,从古气候条件、古地貌条件、古水深的计算、剥蚀量的恢复、地层厚度的压实校正等方法综合分析了研究区影响滩坝砂体分布的影响和控制因素,确定了半深湖和浅湖的分界线。认为有利于滩坝砂体发育的是斜坡带以及波浪带及其附近的沟谷地带和古地貌高地。(4)根据现今油气藏的发育特征和分布特征,结合沉积、层序和构造分布以及有利滩坝砂体发育的位置,分析认为研究区沙二段成藏的主要控制因素为:油源断层控制了油气的运移,油源断裂附近及连通的砂体是油气富集的地方,鼻状构造为油气运移的主要指向区,从而影响了油气的平面分布规律,储层的优劣与断层的配置决定了油气藏类型及纵向分布,综合分析地质因素和成藏因素,总结了研究区油气成藏的模式为阶梯运移、扇形成藏。
[Abstract]:The beach bar sand is in the east of the new generation of off one of the most important types of sand bodies in the basin, mainly for the thickness of sand body is small, transverse and longitudinal changes quickly, the scale, the development degree of sand than the alluvial fan, river, Delta, turbidite fan and other types. In the past the degree of concern on this kind of sand body is relatively low, with the development of exploration and improvement of the degree of reserve replacement reserves, beach sand dam has become one of the most important exploration targets for lithologic reservoir in recent ten years, especially in Shengli Oilfield, beach sand dam reservoir has become an important goal of oil reserves and production replacement however, in different sub sag, the sedimentary characteristics of beach sand dam, assemblages and distribution characteristics are completely different, although once on the lake beach dam reservoir fault depression has more in-depth research, also found out some rules. However, because A different tectonic depression evolution and development history is not exactly the same, therefore, in different depression, we must proceed from the specific characteristics of the evolution of the sag, explore the development regularity of deposition, thus predicting beach sand dam, effectively guide the exploration and development of oil and gas. In the two section of rolling exploration of Chezhen Sag sand that has been found in beach sand. The sand reservoir dam, various types of carbonate beach and bar beach bar, and a good show of oil and gas reservoir, diverse, abundant sedimentary types. The tectonic movement of faulted basin frequently, the basin basement tectonics in the complex, large differences due to sedimentary dynamics and the beach bar sand body genesis and sand control mechanism has its own characteristics and development law. This paper chooses Chezhen Sag two sections of sand beach dam as the research object, based on modern deposition for reference, based on the sequence stratigraphy theory as the guide to modern geophysics Processing and interpretation methods as a means of Geology and Geophysics, combined with geochemical analysis data, the ancient climate, ancient landform, characteristics and tectonic evolution of the paleo water depth, comprehensive study on petroleum geological conditions and reservoir distribution, based on the digestion and absorption of the previous research results, the development characteristics of depression sequence to find out the town car, the characteristics of sedimentary facies of beach bar sand distribution features and control factors for the development of beach bar sand, provides the reliable geological basis for rolling exploration and development, at the same time rich beach sand dam theory research. The main results are as follows: (1) make full use of 3D seismic data, well logging data. Core drilling and geochemical data, on the basis of the types and characteristics of unconformity surface, flooding surface recognition, analysis of sedimentary characteristics and cycle, divides Shahe Street group into 5 levels. Through sequence combination region on the layer Sequence stratigraphic correlation, have obvious correlation between sequence stratigraphy and beach bar sand, beach bar sand decreased as the rise process development and lower the ascending half cycle is most in datum. Paleogeomorphology also affected the development of strata, sand group in the construction of high stratum thinning the sand group decreased; in the low parts of the structure, stratum thickness, sandstone development, some sand in the high place of missing. (2) a detailed study of the lithologic characteristics of Sha two section, grain size distribution, bedding types and bioturbation assemblages, changes according to the characteristics of logging curves and types, sedimentary structure and lithology in the longitudinal direction on the beach bar sand body is divided in detail, divided into the main sand dam microfacies, sand dam edge microfacies, dam microfacies, main beach microfacies, inter beach microfacies, sedimentary model established in the study area. Through the single well sedimentary facies division Contrast analysis and sedimentary depositional system, established two research area of sand. Based on seismic data spectrum processing, waveform classification, processing and interpretation of amplitude and phase, the recognition and prediction of thin sand bodies. Through the analysis of self-organizing neural network for seismic waveform, the typical gradient series is built to on behalf of the seismic shape changes, through the analysis of the instantaneous frequency amplitude Superposition Technology attribute analysis technology, established a forward model sand wedge, identify the distribution of thin sand. (3) a comprehensive analysis of the beach bar sand body development control factors, the ancient climate, ancient landform, calculation the ancient water depth, denudation recovery, compaction strata thickness correction method of the comprehensive analysis of the influence of beach bar sand body distribution and control factors affecting the study area, determine the boundary of semi deep lake and shallow lake. That is conducive to the development of beach bar sand body The slope zone and wave zone and the nearby Valley and paleogeomorphology highlands. (4) according to the features of the present development of oil and gas accumulation and distribution characteristics of sedimentary sequence and structure, distribution and position of beach bar sand body development, analysis of the study area that Sha two section into the main controlling factors of reservoir are as follows: the migration of oil source faults control the oil and gas, near the oil source faults and connected sand body is the oil and gas accumulation place, nose structure as the main target areas of oil and gas migration, thus affecting the plane distribution of oil and gas, the pros and cons of fault reservoir configuration determines the type of oil and gas reservoir the longitudinal distribution, comprehensive analysis of geological factors and reservoir factors, summarizes the research of hydrocarbon accumulation model for step migration, accumulation of sector.

【学位授予单位】：成都理工大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：P618.13;P539.2

【参考文献】