安全起下钻井控技术研究

发布时间：2018-01-12 21:37

本文关键词：安全起下钻井控技术研究　出处：《重庆科技学院》2015年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：目前，随着国内能源消费结构化的调整和保护环境的迫切需要，天然气这种最清洁低碳的化石能源将占据越来越大的比重。然而随着对天然气勘探力度的加大，溢流、井涌等井控问题也频繁发生，特别在四川地区的部分气田，井底往往伴随着高压高含硫，不仅增大了钻井作业的难度，而且也是对井控安全技术的重大挑战。起下钻是钻井作业中井口控制难度最大的一种工况，近年来，川东地区气层井在进行起下钻操作时，产生溢流次数较多，影响钻井作业的安全，可能使经济效益受损，并造成人员伤亡。因此研究安全起下钻井控技术迫在眉睫，这对解决现场工程实际问题和提升我国气井井控安全技术水平具有十分重要的意义。本文在分析总结了国内外安全起下钻井控技术特点的基础上，重点对气窜机理、天然气上窜的安全高度、气窜速度、气层中起下钻速度的控制和钻井液密度与流变性能的相关性进行了深入研究。在地层情况和钻井液体系已知的前提下，应用川东地区常用的聚磺钻井液体系，通过实验和现场实钻数据统计的方法，，找出钻井液流变性能和密度之间的相关性，然后建立密度与流变参数关系的数学模型，在已知钻井液密度的情况下即可初步确定其流变参数。结合常规的气侵钻井液自动外溢模型，考虑气体在环空中的滑脱运移及膨胀，并假定其膨胀是一种等温过程，通过真实气体的状态方程，从而确定井口溢流时气体上窜的高度。根据气液两相流理论，找到影响气窜速度的主要因素，对常规的运用钻井液性能参数来计算气窜速度的方法进行合理改进，可以通过垂深、钻井液密度、塑性粘度和表面张力来预测气窜速度。并利用现场数据对其进行理论修正，使计算结果更为准确。现场操作人员不需要在井口测后效，即可提前预测气窜速度，为实际安全操作提供了依据。根据井底压力平衡原理，并结合波动压力的影响，从而确定在气层中起、下钻的最大速度，为现场进行起下钻作业提供理论依据。根据川东气层井的相关资料编制了安全起下钻应用软件，为现场作业提供理论依据和一个方便快捷的计算工具。
[Abstract]:At present, with the urgent need for structured domestic energy consumption adjustment and protect the environment, natural gas the most clean low-carbon fossil energy will occupy an increasingly large proportion. However, with the increase of natural gas exploration efforts such as overflow, well kick well control problems also occur frequently, especially some gas field in the Sichuan area. The bottom is often accompanied by high pressure and high sulfur, not only increases the difficulty of drilling operations, a major challenge but also control security technology for wells. Drilling drilling wellhead control is a condition, the most difficult in recent years, gas wells in East Sichuan drilling operation, generate overflow number more, the influence of drilling work safety, may make the economic damage and casualties. Therefore the study of safety drilling control technology is imminent, this to solve practical problems and improve our site engineering wells It is of great significance to control the level of safety technology.
Based on analysis of the drilling safety under control technology at home and abroad on the characteristics, focusing on the mechanism of gas channeling, channeling the safety height of natural gas, gas channeling speed, gas in the relationship between drilling speed control and drilling fluid density and rheological properties were studied.
Based on the stratum situation and drilling fluid system is known, using polysulfonate drilling fluid system used in East Sichuan, through experiment and actual drilling data statistics, find out the relationship between drilling fluid rheological properties and density, the mathematical model and then establish the relationship between density and rheological parameters, the density of drilling fluid in the known can preliminary determine its rheological parameters.
Combined with conventional gas invasion drilling fluid automatic spillover model, the slippage and expansion of gas in the annulus are considered. Assuming that its expansion is an isothermal process, the height of gas channeling is determined according to the equation of state of real gas.
According to the theory of gas-liquid two-phase flow, the main factors to find the effects of gas channeling speed, the use of conventional methods on the performance of drilling fluid parameters to calculate the gas channeling speed improved, through the vertical depth, drilling fluid density, plastic viscosity and surface tension to predict gas channeling speed. And based on the revised theory of field data and make the results more accurate. The operator does not need to test in the wellhead aftereffect, can predict the gas channeling speed, which provided the basis for the safe operation.
According to the pressure balance principle, and combined with the influence of the fluctuation pressure, to determine the gas reservoir, the maximum speed of the drill, as the site up and provide a theoretical basis for the drilling operation.
According to the relevant data of East Sichuan gas well developed safety drilling application software, and provide a theoretical basis and a convenient calculation tool for field work.

【学位授予单位】：重庆科技学院
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：TE28

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