辽河油区钻具失效分析与检测研究

发布时间：2018-01-13 23:34

本文关键词：辽河油区钻具失效分析与检测研究　出处：《东北石油大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：钻具在井下的受力十分复杂,服役条件苛刻,钻柱要承受应力交变载荷、温度、环境介质、钻柱与井壁的摩擦、高频撞击、腐蚀和氢脆影响等,容易发生多种多样的钻具失效事故。一旦发生失效事故,造成的损失相当严重。通过采取有效措施对于防止钻具失效意义重大。研究分析钻具的失效故障,弄清楚钻具失效的主要原因和机理,并通过相应的检测技术手段提前判断出钻具失效的部位,确定钻具的使用状态,可以便于我们使用和维护好钻具,从而能够为预防井下钻具失效,降低事故损失,增强钻井竞争力提供有力的保障。本文首先对辽河油区钻具失效情况进行了统计和研究,研究表明疲劳是影响钻具失效的主要原因,钻具表面应力集中部位都易发生疲劳失效状况。数据显示,钻杆和钻铤失效事故占所有总数的84.7%,其中螺纹部位是重点发生事故点,且这些失效事故中的大部分都是与疲劳相关。然后针对当前5种检测手段在辽河油区钻具失效检测的效果和适应性进行了研究。通过对现场的应用情况研究发现,螺纹检测主要采用超声波检测方法,管体的检测主要采用整体漏磁检测设备进行检测,但这些方法也有依赖于检测人员具有一定的经验,而且超声波对螺纹的形貌无法进行自动检测。基于此种情况,文中提出了设计一套钻杆自动检测系统。该检测系统包括6大部分:第一部分是钻具回收台,可以将不同尺寸类型的钻杆分别存放,便于后面的检测;第二部分是自动校直钻杆,实现钻杆的直线度检测和自动校直;第三部分是管体漏磁检测,与当前采用的检测系统相同;第四部分是自动清洗螺纹,设计了一个螺纹清洗装置,可进行钻具螺纹的清洁处理,去除螺纹表面的污泥及其它污垢,使螺纹牙表面光洁;第五部分是螺纹检测,提出了基于数字处理的图像检测系统,可以快速精确的判定螺纹情况,完成形貌方面的检测;最后是钻杆分级分类,通过PLC控制,综合分析管体和螺纹的检测结果,然后断定钻杆级别并自动送入相应的管架台存放。
[Abstract]:The drill string is subjected to stress alternating load, temperature, environmental medium, friction between drill string and well wall, high frequency impact, corrosion and hydrogen embrittlement, etc. It is easy to occur a variety of drilling failure accidents. Once the failure accident occurs, the loss is very serious. It is very important to take effective measures to prevent the drilling tool failure. It is convenient for us to use and maintain the drill tool by making clear the main reason and mechanism of drilling tool failure, and by means of the corresponding testing technology to judge the position of drilling tool failure in advance and to determine the use state of drill tool. Thus it can prevent downhole drilling tool failure, reduce accident loss and enhance drilling competitiveness. Firstly, this paper makes statistics and research on drilling tool failure in Liaohe oil area. The results show that fatigue is the main reason that affects the failure of drilling tools, and fatigue failure is easy to occur at the stress concentration on the surface of drilling tools. The data show that the failure accidents of drill pipes and drill collars account for 84.7% of the total number. The thread part is the key accident point. And most of these failure accidents are related to fatigue. Then, the effect and adaptability of five kinds of testing methods in Liaohe oil area are studied. . The thread inspection mainly adopts the ultrasonic testing method, the tube body inspection mainly uses the whole magnetic flux leakage testing equipment to carry on the inspection, but these methods also have the certain experience to the testing personnel. And ultrasonic can not automatically detect the shape of the thread. Based on this situation, this paper proposed the design of a drill pipe automatic detection system. The detection system consists of six parts: the first part is the drilling tool recovery table. The drill pipe of different size type can be stored separately, which is convenient for the later detection; The second part is the automatic straightening drill pipe to realize the straightness detection and automatic straightening of drill pipe. The third part is the tube body magnetic flux leakage detection, which is the same as the current detection system. 4th part is automatic cleaning thread, designed a thread cleaning device, can carry on the drilling tool thread cleaning treatment, removes the thread surface sludge and other dirt, makes the thread tooth surface smooth; 5th part is thread detection, the image detection system based on digital processing is put forward, which can quickly and accurately judge the thread situation and complete the shape detection. Finally, the drill pipe is classified into different grades, which is controlled by PLC, and the test results of pipe body and thread are synthetically analyzed, and then the drill pipe grade is determined and automatically sent to the corresponding pipe stand for storage.
【学位授予单位】：东北石油大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：TE921.2

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