日本石油储备体系研究

发布时间：2018-01-16 02:28

本文关键词：日本石油储备体系研究　出处：《吉林大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：石油储备在一国的能源安全体系中占据基础性地位。日本目前是世界第四大原油消费国和进口国,在20世纪70年代两次石油危机后,为保障本国的石油供应安全,日本建立了庞大的石油储备,经过历年的强化与完善,现已基本形成了一套完备的石油储备体系。截止2016年底,日本的石油储备规模达到8144万千升,即可以保证国内218天的供应量。日本凭借着强大的石油储备能力在国际油价剧烈波动及本国发生自然灾害等情况下可以通过释放石油储备保障石油的正常供应,也确保了日本经济的稳定发展。中国于21世纪初开始重视石油储备的建立,从国际比较来看,中国是石油储备建设起步较晚的国家。21世纪以来中国经济的快速发展,激发了对能源的大量需求,石油对外依存度不断攀升。2016年9月,中国超越美国成为世界第一大原油进口国。在石油储备建设方面,目前已建成8个国家石油储备基地,共储油约达三千万吨。但目前我国仍不具备完善的石油储备体系,石油储备方面的成文法迟迟未出台,储备管理体制不健全。近些年国际石油市场频繁变动,国际社会也时有动乱发生,石油更多地被当作一种能源武器在世界各国的往来中博弈。因此,在国际石油供给面临诸多不确定的背景下,尽快建立完备的石油储备体系迫在眉睫。研究日本的石油储备体系旨在为中国石油储备体系的完善提供有益的启示与借鉴。本文首先从石油储备的一般理论基础出发,站在国内和国际两个视角阐述了日本石油储备建立的背景,进一步将日本石油储备的发展划分为五个不同的阶段,对每个阶段石油储备建立的具体内容进行简要叙述,并根据目前日本石油储备的现状分析其石油储备的特点。其次,重点从储备模式和管理体制等方面分析日本石油储备体系的构成。最后指出日本石油储备的成效及存在的问题,并为我国建立完善的石油储备体系提供经验与教训。
[Abstract]:Oil reserves play a fundamental role in a country's energy security system. Japan is currently the world's 4th largest consumer and importer of crude oil after two oil crises in 1970s. In order to ensure the safety of its oil supply, Japan has established a huge oil reserve, after years of strengthening and improving, has basically formed a complete petroleum reserve system. Until end of 2016. Japan has eighty-one million four hundred and forty-one thousand litres of oil reserves. Japan, by virtue of its strong reserve capacity, can guarantee the normal supply of oil through the release of oil reserves under the circumstances of severe fluctuations in international oil prices and natural disasters in the country. Should. In 21th century, China began to attach importance to the establishment of oil reserves, from the point of view of international comparison. China is a country where the construction of petroleum reserves started late. The rapid development of Chinese economy since the 21st century has stimulated a great deal of demand for energy and the degree of dependence on foreign oil has been rising. September 2016. China has overtaken the United States to become the world's largest importer of crude oil. The total oil storage is about 30 million tons, but at present our country still does not have the perfect petroleum reserve system, the statutory law of the petroleum reserve has not been issued, the reserve management system is not perfect, and the international oil market has changed frequently in recent years. The international community is also in turmoil from time to time, oil is more used as an energy weapon in the world in the exchange game, therefore, in the international oil supply is facing a lot of uncertainty in the background. It is urgent to establish a complete petroleum reserve system as soon as possible. The purpose of studying Japanese petroleum reserve system is to provide useful inspiration and reference for the perfection of China's petroleum reserve system. Firstly, this paper starts with the general theoretical basis of oil reserve. Let's go. From the perspective of domestic and international, this paper expounds the background of the establishment of Japan's petroleum reserve, and further divides the development of Japan's oil reserve into five different stages. This paper briefly describes the concrete contents of establishing petroleum reserve in each stage, and analyzes the characteristics of oil reserve in Japan according to the present situation of oil reserve in Japan. The paper mainly analyzes the composition of Japan's petroleum reserve system from the aspects of reserve mode and management system, and finally points out the effectiveness and existing problems of Japan's petroleum reserve. And provides the experience and lesson for our country to establish the perfect petroleum reserve system.
【学位授予单位】：吉林大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：F416.22

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