冰粉生成甲烷水合物的影响因子研究

发布时间：2018-01-16 06:20

本文关键词：冰粉生成甲烷水合物的影响因子研究　出处：《大连理工大学》2015年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：已经探明我国南海大陆架边缘和青藏高原冻土区中拥有大量的天然气水合物资源。天然气水合物资源具有资源利用率高而且燃烧没有污染的特点,可以作为我国未来重要替代能源中的一种。因其实际样品获取难度大,因此实验室中人工制取成为重要的研究手段。本文采用实验室中常用的PVT方法制取水合物,在实验釜中一次充气后进行反应,通过观察气体压力和温度的变化情况,来判断水合物的生成情况。实验研究了初始温度、初始压力、初始冰颗粒粒径对水合物生成反应的影响,并深入研究了生成反应过程中二次升压、二次升温和采取温度震荡变化等方法对纯冰粉生成甲烷水合物和含有表面活性剂的冰粉生成水合物的实验影响规律。探索提高水合物生成量及冰粉转化为水合物的转化率的方法,主要工作如下：本文研究冰粉生成甲烷水合物实验中影响因子对甲烷水合物生成过程的影响规律。在纯冰粉与甲烷气生成水合物的实验中发现,实验中使用相同的初始温度,高的初始压力对水合物的生成有很明显的促进作用。同样在相同的初始压力下,在不接近冰熔点下的温度情况下,初始的实验温度越低,水合物的生成过程越快。对于水合物生成进入扩散阶段后,二次补充压力相比于二次升温更有助于促进水合物的生成。将温度升高到分解温度附近稳定一段时间以后再迅速降温到冰熔点以下,这种温度大范围震荡变化对水合物的生成有一定的促进作用,可以提高水合物的生成量及冰粉的转化率。在含有表面活性剂的冰粉与甲烷气发生水合物生成反应的实验中发现,在相同的初始压力和温度下,不同种类的表面活性剂,达到水合物生成最佳的情况所需要的表面活性剂的浓度是不同的。通过含有表面活性剂SDS浓度分别100ppm、300ppm、500ppm的冰粉在与甲烷气生成甲烷水合物的实验研究发现,当采用的表面活性剂SDS的浓度为300ppm时,表面活性剂SDS对冰粉水合物生成反应的促进作用最为显著。在含有非离子表面活性剂APG的冰粉中,对比浓度分别为100ppm,300ppm,500ppm和1000ppm的冰粉实验结果,发现当表面活性剂浓度为1000ppm的冰粉的水合物反应初始阶段生成水合物最迅速。同时发现,在使用表面活性剂后,初始压力对水合物生成初始阶段的影响不显著,而初始温度的影响比较明显。当反应达到稳定的扩散阶段,二次补充压力的影响不明显,而二次升温对反应也没有很明显的影响。温度升高到分解压力附近后,无论是迅速降温还是补充气体压力后再迅速降温都对水合物的生成有一定的促进作用。此外甲烷气饱和的初始生成环境对冰粉与甲烷气的水合物生成反应也有促进作用。
[Abstract]:It has been proved that there are a large number of natural gas hydrate resources in the continental shelf edge of the South China Sea and the frozen soil area of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. The natural gas hydrate resources have the characteristics of high utilization rate of natural gas hydrate and no pollution from combustion. It can be used as one of the important alternative energy sources in our country. Therefore, artificial production has become an important research means in the laboratory. In this paper, the common PVT method is used to produce hydrates, and the reaction is carried out in the experimental kettle after the first aeration. The effects of initial temperature, initial pressure and initial ice particle size on hydrate formation were studied by observing the change of gas pressure and temperature to judge the formation of hydrate. The secondary boost in the formation reaction was also studied. Effects of secondary heating and temperature oscillation on methane hydrate formation from pure ice powder and hydrate formation from ice powder containing surfactant were studied. The method of conversion. The main work is as follows: in this paper, the influence factors on the formation process of methane hydrate from ice powder were studied, which was found in the experiment of pure ice powder and methane gas. Using the same initial temperature, the high initial pressure can obviously promote the formation of hydrate, also under the same initial pressure, under the condition of not approaching the melting point of ice. The lower the initial experimental temperature, the faster the hydrate formation process. The secondary supplemental pressure is more helpful to the formation of hydrates than to the secondary heating. The temperature is raised to the decomposition temperature for a period of time and then rapidly cooled below the melting point of the ice. This wide range of temperature oscillations can promote the formation of hydrates to a certain extent. The formation of hydrate and the conversion of ice powder can be increased. In the experiment of hydrate formation between ice powder containing surfactant and methane gas, it is found that at the same initial pressure and temperature. The concentration of surfactant is different for different kinds of surfactants to reach the optimum condition of hydrate formation. The concentration of surfactant SDS is 100ppm / 100ppm respectively. The experimental study on the formation of methane hydrate from 500ppm ice powder with methane gas shows that when the concentration of surfactant SDS is 300ppm. The effect of surfactant SDS on the hydration reaction of ice powder is most remarkable. In the ice powder containing Nonionic surfactant APG, the relative concentration is 100ppm / 100ppm. The results of ice powder experiments of 500ppm and 1000ppm show that the hydrates are formed most rapidly at the initial stage of hydrate reaction of ice powder with surfactant concentration of 1000ppm. After the use of surfactant, the effect of initial pressure on the initial stage of hydrate formation is not significant, but the effect of initial temperature is obvious. When the reaction reaches a stable diffusion stage, the effect of secondary supplement pressure is not obvious. However, the secondary heating has no obvious effect on the reaction. The temperature rises to near the decomposition pressure. Both rapid cooling and rapid cooling after supplementary gas pressure can promote the formation of hydrates. In addition, the initial formation environment of methane gas saturation can also promote the reaction of ice powder and methane hydrate formation. Progressive action.
【学位授予单位】：大连理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：TE64

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