循环水耐油污过滤技术的应用研究

发布时间：2018-01-19 10:04

本文关键词： 循环水过滤技术油含量　出处：《兰州交通大学》2015年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：近年来原油产地发生变化,硫含量上升,而炼油厂原有的装置不能满足高含硫原油的加工需求,致使冷换设备腐蚀加剧、泄漏频繁,循环水质恶化。但往往泄漏源因生产需求无法及时切除,这就使得循环水需要在水质被污染的情况下持续运行,而面对现有循环水装置一对多的格局下,恶化的水质又会加剧其他用户冷换设备的腐蚀、结垢,影响冷换设备的运行。甚至会出现多种物料泄漏相互反应而产生安全风险的情况,这使循环水装置的查漏、日常运行和安全保供变得更加困难。循环水装置原有的查漏方式、水质处理方法已无法满足现阶段的水质处理需求。循环水旁滤是去除循环水中浊度的主要设备,但普通的石英砂过滤器在遇到大量油污的状况下,无法正常运行,滤料被污染后出现板结失效,被迫更换滤料,影响正常生产。长期以来循环水装置出现油含量严重超标后的固定做法就是停运循环水滤池,排水置换,待油含量下降后才能投用滤池,降低浊度。但该方式在现有循环水持续受污染,排污不畅的情况下,无法实现,过滤设施形同虚设。目前循环水装置共有3类过滤设备,分别是快滤池、高效流砂过滤器及重力式无阀滤池,但此三类过滤设施无法对高含油循环水进行过滤处理。耐油污过滤技术的应用研究是解决现阶段循环水质的关键。过滤技术要实现耐油污其最终需要解决的是滤料的板结问题。全自动过滤设施其外观及工作原理与重力式无阀滤池基本相同,但在功能方面增加了以蒸汽为动力的滤层拌热装置。当滤料含有板结时,通过拌热装置使滤层松动,反洗时可带走滤层上部污物及含油污物,从而解决滤料板结问题。车间结合全自动过滤设施的运行原理,对重力式无阀滤池进行改造,改造后的蒸汽搅拌型无阀滤池,同样具有良好的耐油污性能。高效流砂过滤器虽然在风线扩改、最佳处理量的确认、滤料更换以及操作调整后过滤效果得到了大幅度的提升,但在耐油污方面仍不具备处理能力,因此在后期的改造过程中被全自动过滤设施替代。浅层砂滤器因其反洗为压力式反洗,反洗强度高,交错排列的磨菇头能将砂层完全形成悬浮床,使滤砂在旋流水的作用下分层上下翻腾,就像人用手揉搓滤砂一样,将油和砂、粘泥等都揉搓开,不会形成板结的特性被应用于循环水装置。其处理效果好,自动化程度高,便于管理得到了岗位操作人员的认可。改造后的蒸汽搅拌型无阀过滤器、全自动过滤设施以及浅层砂滤器都能在油含量超标的情况下正常使用,成为真正意义上的耐油污过滤设施,有效的解决了循环水系统面临的窘境。同时由于对循环水质恶化处理方式的改变,有效的降低了循环水系统的排污量,达到了节能节水的目的。耐油污过滤技术的应用研究从根本上解决了因高含硫原油加剧设备腐蚀给循环水带来的水质困扰,2015年1-9月循环水系统的水质合格率已提升至92.61%。
[Abstract]:In recent years the source of crude oil changes, sulfur content increased, while the original refinery equipment can not meet the processing requirements of high sulfur crude oil, resulting in heat exchanger corrosion, leakage cycle frequently, the deterioration of water quality. But often the source of leakage due to production requirements can not be removed, which makes the circulating water needs to be in the case of water quality pollution run continuously, and the face of the existing water circulation device of multi pattern, deteriorating water quality can aggravate corrosion, other users of heat exchange equipment fouling, effect of cooling equipment operation. Even there will be a variety of material leakage interaction caused safety risk, the circulating water device leak, daily operation and safe supply becomes more difficult. The original leak water circulating device, water treatment method has been unable to meet the demand for water treatment at the present stage. The circulating water filter is to remove the turbidity of water circulation The main equipment, but ordinary quartz sand filter in heavy oil encountered under the condition of not normal operation, filter contaminated after compaction failure, was forced to replace the filter, affect the normal production. Long circulating water device of oil content after serious exceed the standard method is fixed do outage of circulating water filter, water replacement, oil the content decreased after be put into use filter, reduce turbidity. But in the existing continuous circulating water pollution, poor sewage situation, can not be achieved, filtration facilities useless. The circulating water device has 3 types of filtering equipment, which are rapid filter, efficient flow sand filter and gravity valveless filter. But the three kinds of filtering facilities not for high oil circulating water filtration process. Application of anti oil filtering technology is the key to solve the present stage. The circulating water filtration technology to achieve the ultimate need of oil resistant To solve the compaction problem. Automatic filter filtration facilities and its appearance and working principle of gravity valveless filter is basically the same, but increased by steam power filter device in hot mix function. When the filter material containing harden, through the hot mix device so that the filter layer is loose, the upper part of the filter layer can take away the dirt the dirt and oil filter backwashing, so as to solve the compaction problem. Combined with the operation principle of the automatic filtering workshop facilities, the gravity valveless filter transformation, after the transformation of the steam mixing type valveless filter, also has good oil resistant performance. High flow sand filter while wind line expansion, confirm the best handling capacity the filter material replacement and the operation adjustment after the filtering effect has been greatly improved, but in the dirt still not have the ability to deal with, so in the process of transformation in late was automatic shallow sand filtration facilities instead. Because of the filter backwash pressure type backwashing, backwashing intensity is high, the staggered mushroom head can be fully formed in suspension bed sand, the sand filtering in stratified swirling flow under the action of up and down like a human hand rub the sand, oil sand and mud, etc. are not rub, form the compaction characteristics are applied to water circulation device. The treatment effect is good, high degree of automation, convenient management by the operator's approval. After the transformation of the mixing type steam valve filters, automatic filtration facilities and shallow sand filter can be used normally in oil content exceed the standard conditions. A true sense of the oil resistant filtration facilities, effectively solves the dilemma facing the circulating water system. At the same time, due to the deterioration of water circulation processing mode change, effectively reduce the emissions of circulating water system, energy saving water. Too resistant to oil The application of filtration technology fundamentally solves the water quality problems caused by the high sulfur crude oil and equipment corrosion, which brings the water quality to the circulating water. In 2015 1-9, the water quality qualification rate of the circulating water system has increased to 92.61%..

【学位授予单位】：兰州交通大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：TE685.3

【参考文献】