石油物系精馏塔仿真建模与优化

发布时间：2018-01-30 15:54

本文关键词： 建模操作优化参数粒子群　出处：《北京化工大学》2015年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：现今社会最热点的话题毋庸置疑是由雾霾引起的环境保护问题,而石油化工行业由于其高能耗、高污染、高风险等特点被推至风口浪尖。我国每年持续增长的石油消费能力与其有限的原油储备已成为敦促石油化工发展的主要动因。而石油精馏是石油化工行业中应用最广泛的分离技术,精馏塔则是石油炼化过程中耗能最大设备之一,精馏塔的设计优劣甚至直接影响着全国工业总能耗。由于这些原因,精馏塔仿真建模与优化不但可以帮助提高产品质量,而且对降低能耗、降低运行成本、保护环境资源有着重大的现实意义。因此,本文总结国内外优秀研究成果并分析其发展趋势,对精馏塔仿真建模与优化进行了一系列的研究,主要内容如下：运用石油物系基准假组分特征化方法处理原油,采用Morris-Swcek的建模思想,建立了塔板模型并为其推导出适用的传热方程,合理简化微分计算为代数计算：将原本需要工业数据调整的模型参数与物理性质相关联,使模型参数可以在不考虑操作条件的情况下进行计算,提高了模型的预测能力；并对塔顶冷凝系统模型与塔底模型进行了化简,使模型计算精度与运算效率得到显著提高。本文采用多粒子角色协同作用(MPSO)的混合粒子群优化算法对常压塔进行操作优化,确定了两种不同的目标函数并选择了有效的决策变量,针对常压塔的稳态仿真过程制定了可行的优化策略。最后,采用PSO.PPSO算法与MPSO算法进行对比,结果充分显示MPSO在寻优速度与精度上明显高于PPSO与PSO,并获得了相应的操作最优点,对现实生产中常压塔的操作有着重大的意义。
[Abstract]:There is no doubt that the most hot topic in the society is the environmental protection caused by haze, and the petrochemical industry because of its high energy consumption, high pollution. The characteristics of high risk have been pushed to the top of the wave. China's increasing annual oil consumption capacity and its limited crude oil reserves have become the main driving force to promote the development of petrochemical industry, and petroleum distillation is the application in petrochemical industry. The most extensive separation technology. Distillation column is one of the most energy-consuming equipment in the process of petroleum refining. The design of distillation tower even directly affects the total energy consumption of industry in China. Simulation modeling and optimization of distillation column can not only help to improve product quality, but also to reduce energy consumption, reduce operating costs, and protect environmental resources of great practical significance. This paper summarizes the outstanding research results at home and abroad and analyzes the development trend of distillation column simulation modeling and optimization of a series of research. The main contents are as follows: the crude oil is treated by using the method of oil system datum pseudo-component characteristic, and the modeling idea of Morris-Swcek is adopted, the tray model is established and the applicable heat transfer equation is deduced for it. Reasonable simplification of differential calculation as algebraic calculation: the model parameters which need to be adjusted by industrial data are associated with physical properties, so that the model parameters can be calculated without considering the operating conditions. The prediction ability of the model is improved. The model of the top condensing system and the model of the bottom of the tower are simplified. The precision and efficiency of the model are greatly improved. In this paper, a hybrid particle swarm optimization algorithm based on multi-particle role synergy (MPSO) is used to optimize the operation of atmospheric tower. Two different objective functions are determined and the effective decision variables are selected. A feasible optimization strategy is proposed for the steady state simulation process of the atmospheric tower. The comparison between PSO.PPSO algorithm and MPSO algorithm shows that the speed and precision of MPSO is obviously higher than that of PPSO and PSOs, and the optimal operation advantages are obtained. It is of great significance to the operation of atmospheric pressure tower in practical production.
【学位授予单位】：北京化工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：TE962

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