油页岩气体热载体综合利用系统优化

发布时间：2018-02-12 22:31

本文关键词： 油页岩干馏气化 Aspen Plus 系统分析　出处：《东北电力大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：油页岩是一种富含有机质的沉积岩,不仅可以用于干馏制取页岩油,还可用于燃烧发电。中国油页岩储量巨大,居世界前列,在能源日趋紧张的今天,尤其是石油资源不足的中国,高效的利用油页岩资源对保障我国的能源安全具有重要意义。本文在结合油页岩综合开发利用理论的基础上,对原有油页岩气体热载体综合利用系统进行了部分优化改造:将气体热载体干馏系统中不能用于干馏的小颗粒油页岩和全部半焦送入气化炉中生产气化合成气;合成气的利用方式又可以分为两种,分别是直接送入燃气—蒸汽联合循环发电和先进行费托合成再将合成剩余尾气送入联合循环发电,并据此构建了两种综合利用系统;在新系统中,加热干馏热载体的热量主要来源于两部分,分别是从高温气化合成气和燃机尾气回收的热量,由此,原系统中低效的半焦加热设备和瓦斯加热设备均可拆除。本文构建的油页岩综合利用系统充分利用了不能用于气体热载体干馏的小颗粒油页岩和干馏半焦,大幅提高了系统总的能量利用效率,同时又实现了能量的梯级利用,减少了固体和气体废弃物的排放。本文借助Aspen Plus软件对所构建的两种综合利用系统(分别是油页岩干馏-气化-发电综合利用系统和油页岩干馏-气化-制油-发电综合利用系统)进行模拟。核算了系统的物料平衡、能量平衡和?平衡,并分析了干馏—气化混合气(包括干馏气和合成气)制油比例(即用于费托合成制油的混合气占系统生产混合气总量的比值)和油页岩干馏比例(即用于干馏炼油的油页岩占系统油页岩总处理量的比值)对新构建的综合利用系统产物分布以及能效的影响。结果表明:新构建的油页岩干馏-气化-发电系统和干馏-气化-制油发电系统的一次能量利用效率分别达到58.23%和64.85%,分别是原有系统的1.17倍和1.31倍,同时两系统的?效率也分别达到60.18%和66.1%;进一步模拟分析表明,提高混合气制油比例和油页岩干馏比例均可有效提高两系统总的能量利用效率,另外,干馏-气化-制油-发电系统相较于干馏-气化-发电系统有更高的能量利用效率和液体燃料产率,但在发电量方面,前者远小于后者,在工业生产中,可综合考虑经济效率等因素对两系统进行合理选择或搭配。
[Abstract]:Oil shale is a kind of sedimentary rock rich in organic matter, which can be used not only for dry distillation to make shale oil, but also for burning electricity. Especially in China, where petroleum resources are insufficient, the efficient utilization of oil shale resources is of great significance to ensure the energy security of our country. This paper combines the theory of comprehensive development and utilization of oil shale. The existing comprehensive utilization system of oil shale gas heat carrier has been partially optimized: the small grain oil shale and all semi-coke which can not be used for dry distillation system in the gas heat carrier dry distillation system are fed into gasification furnace to produce gasification syngas; The utilization modes of syngas can be divided into two types, one is direct fuel-steam combined cycle power generation, the other is the combined generation by Fischer synthesis, and then the synthetic residual tail gas is fed into the combined cycle power generation. Based on this, two comprehensive utilization systems are constructed. In the new system, the heat of heating dry distillation heat carrier mainly comes from two parts, namely, heat recovered from high temperature gasification syngas and gas turbine tail gas. The low-efficiency semi-coke heating equipment and the gas heating equipment in the original system can be removed. The oil shale comprehensive utilization system constructed in this paper makes full use of the small particle oil shale and the dry-run semi-coke which can not be used for the dry distillation of gas heat carrier. The overall energy efficiency of the system has been greatly improved, while the cascade utilization of energy has been realized. In this paper, two integrated utilization systems (oil shale retort-gasification power generation integrated utilization system and oil shale dry-gasification oil-making system) were developed by Aspen Plus software. The material balance of the system is calculated. Energy balance and? Balance, The ratio of distillation-gasification mixture (including dry distillation gas and syngas) to oil production (that is, the ratio of mixture gas used for Fischer synthetic oil production to the total amount of mixture gas produced in the system) and the ratio of oil shale dry-distillation (that is to say, for dry distillation) are analyzed. The effect of the ratio of oil shale to the total treatment capacity of oil shale on the product distribution and energy efficiency of the newly constructed comprehensive utilization system. The results show that the newly constructed oil shale dry-gasification power generation system and dry-gasification gasification system have a great influence on the product distribution and energy efficiency of the newly constructed comprehensive utilization system. -the primary energy efficiency of the oil-producing power generation system is 58.23% and 64.85 respectively, 1.17 times and 1.31 times of the original system, respectively. Two systems at the same time? The efficiency reached 60.18% and 66.1, respectively. Further simulation analysis showed that the total energy utilization efficiency of the two systems could be improved effectively by increasing the ratio of oil mixture and oil shale distillation. The distillation-gasification oil-generating system has higher energy efficiency and liquid fuel yield than the dry-vaporization-generation system, but the former is much smaller than the latter in terms of electricity generation, and in industrial production, The two systems can be reasonably selected or collocated considering economic efficiency and other factors.
【学位授予单位】：东北电力大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：TE662.8

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