庆哈管道完整性管理系统应用

发布时间：2018-02-13 10:33

本文关键词： 管道完整性管理系统地理信息系统高后果区识别安全评价　出处：《东北石油大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：输油管道属于输送高危物质的设施,历经长时间服役后,会因管材和施工质量不达标、外部破坏、管体腐蚀等原因发生失效,从而引发火灾、爆炸、中毒等严重后果,进一步造成重大经济损失、人员伤亡和环境污染。大庆油田经过多年开发,所辖管道整体腐蚀、老化严重,性能衰减,泄露等事故频繁发生.为了保证管道的安全平稳运行,在借鉴国内外管道安全运行管理经验的基础上,结合大庆油田庆哈输油管道自身条件,开展了庆哈原油输送管道完整性管理及安全生产评价技术研究。取得的主要技术成果如下:(1)根据庆哈管道企业的生产经营活动和工作的需要,将国外多年管理经验和中石油具体制度结合在一起。建立了与企业需要相适应的,能够满足庆哈管道的需要的,完整的管理模型。在拥有了具体的管理模型之后,就可以利用这个模型进行收集资料,模型的建立,在根本上能够提供给庆哈管道在企业的开始阶段和发展期间的所需要的所有数据资料。(2)在GIS系统的基础上,建立适合庆哈管道的管理系统。该系统包括风险管理、自然灾害防治、管道腐蚀防护、管道保护、维抢修、等业务信息,还包含了管道管理相关的标准规范、法律法规、技术规范、软件信息、基础数据等技术信息。利用这个系统,为庆哈管道打下了一个在工作和信息方面的良好的基础,同时也可以利用该系统,将企业中的所有工作和资料进行整理。在庆哈管道上的所有管理者,都可以通过这个管理系统,在进行登记之后,能够有权限对整个系统中涉及到自己工作的相关信息进行查询和管理,维护和分析资料,通过这种方法来完善这个系统,对整个系统的操作规范进行严格的规定,这样能够有效的提高企业的管理水平。(3)基于《管道高后果区分析规程》对庆哈输油管道进行了高后果区识别工作,共识别出21个高后果区段。其中,高后果区段得分最高为480分,得分最低为4分。造成高后果区的主要原因是人口、河流、高速公路及铁路等。(4)综合考虑影响管道安全运行的各种因素及危害程度,开发了基于RiskScore评价方法的庆哈输油管道风险评价软件。借助该软件分析了庆哈输油管道的风险水平,明确了管道高风险因素和风险管段。评价结果表明:庆哈输油管道失效的主要因素为制造与施工缺陷和第三方破坏。该管道失效可能性评分为455.042分,最高得分为460.586分,最低得分为433.586分,风险得分为53.481分。
[Abstract]:Oil pipelines are facilities for transporting high-risk substances. After a long period of service, they will fail due to substandard pipe and construction quality, external damage, corrosion of pipes, and so on, thus causing serious consequences such as fire, explosion, poisoning, etc. After many years of development, Daqing Oilfield has been under the jurisdiction of the pipeline corrosion, serious aging, performance attenuation, leakage and other accidents occurred frequently. In order to ensure the safe and smooth operation of the pipeline, Based on the experience of safe operation and management of pipelines at home and abroad, combined with the conditions of Qingha oil pipeline in Daqing Oilfield, The technical research on integrity management and safety evaluation of Qingha crude oil pipeline has been carried out. The main technical achievements obtained are as follows: 1) according to the needs of the production and operation activities and work of Qingha pipeline enterprises, Combining many years of foreign management experience with the specific system of PetroChina, a complete management model has been established that can meet the needs of the Qingha pipeline and meet the needs of the enterprises. After having possessed the specific management model, This model can be used to collect data. The establishment of the model can basically provide all the data needed by the Qinghai-Kazakh Pipeline in the beginning and development period of the enterprise. It is based on the GIS system. The system includes risk management, natural disaster prevention, pipeline corrosion protection, pipeline protection, maintenance and repair, and other business information. It also contains relevant standards, regulations, laws and regulations for pipeline management. Technical specifications, software information, basic data and other technical information. The use of this system has laid a good foundation for Qingha Pipeline in terms of work and information, and it can also be used to make use of the system. Organize all the work and data in the enterprise. All managers on the Qingha pipeline can use this management system, after registration, Be able to query and manage, maintain and analyze information related to the work of the whole system, improve the system by this method, and strictly regulate the operation specifications of the whole system. In this way, the management level of the enterprise can be improved effectively. (3) based on the "regulations for the Analysis of the High consequence area of the Pipeline", the identification of the high-consequence area of the Qinghai-Kazakh oil pipeline has been carried out, and a total of 21 high-consequence sections have been identified. The highest score of high consequence section is 480 points, and the lowest score is 4 points. The main cause of high consequence area is population, river, highway and railway etc.) all kinds of factors affecting the safe operation of pipeline and the degree of harm are considered synthetically. The risk assessment software of Qingha oil pipeline based on RiskScore evaluation method is developed, and the risk level of Qingha oil pipeline is analyzed with the help of the software. The evaluation results show that the main factors of failure of Qingha oil pipeline are manufacturing and construction defects and third party damage. The failure probability score of the pipeline is 455.042 and the highest score is 460.586. The lowest score was 433.586 and the risk score was 53.481.
【学位授予单位】：东北石油大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：TE832.2

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