高效原油降解菌的分离鉴定及降解特性分析

发布时间：2018-02-14 05:19

本文关键词： 石油降解菌假单胞菌油污染土壤表面活性剂降解率　出处：《油田化学》2017年03期 　论文类型：期刊论文

【摘要】：为了明确地域微生物对原油的降解功效、确保延长油田微生物+膜处理含油污水工艺的平稳运行,从陕北吴起县石油污染的农田土壤中筛选出6株具有原油降解作用的菌株。通过形态学观察、生理生化实验、分子生物学鉴定(16Sr DNA)和气相色谱质谱联用(GC-MS)分析,研究了菌株的生长特性以及对原油的降解率。结果表明,筛选的6株菌分别为P1氧化微杆菌(Microbacterium oxydans)、P2中间苍白杆菌(Ochrobactrum intermedium)、P3粪产碱菌(Alcaligenesfaecalis)、P4侧孢短芽孢杆菌(Brevibacillus laterosporus)、P5寡养单胞菌(Stenotrophomonas)和P6铜绿假单胞菌(Pseudomonas aeruginosa),培养驯化7 d后对原油的降解率分别为83.47%、81.60%、85.30%、81.11%、90.58%和93.16%;菌株对原油中长碳链烃类的降解效果显著,可在降解过程中产生一定量的表面活性物质,发酵液基质表面张力的最大降幅为53.19%。
[Abstract]:In order to make clear the degradation effect of microorganism on crude oil and to ensure the smooth operation of oil-bearing wastewater treatment process with extended oil field microbial membrane, Six strains with crude oil degradation activity were screened from oil-contaminated farmland soil in Wuqi County, North Shaanxi Province. The results were analyzed by morphological observation, physiological and biochemical experiments, molecular biological identification and GC-MS. The growth characteristics of the strain and the degradation rate of crude oil were studied. The six strains screened were Microbacterium oxydanschus P1, Ochrobactrum intermedium, P3, Alcaligenes faecalischus P4, Brevibacillus laterosporusus P5, Stenotrophomonas sp., and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, respectively. The crude oil degradation rate of Pseudomonas aeruginosaer was determined after 7 days of cultivation. 83.47% 81.60% and 90.58% and 93.16%, respectively. The degradation effect of the strain on long carbon chain hydrocarbons in crude oil was remarkable. A certain amount of surfactant was produced in the degradation process, and the maximum decrease of surface tension of fermentation broth was 53.19.
【作者单位】：西北大学化工学院;陕西省油气田环境污染控制与储层保护重点实验室(西安石油大学);
【基金】：国家自然科学基金资助项目“高结垢采出污水中假单胞菌属微生物表面矿化机理及对策研究”(项目编号21376189) 陕西省教育厅专项科研计划资助项目“多糖改性颗粒对采出水结垢性质的影响”(项目编号14JS087)
【分类号】：X172;X74

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