茶油下脚油制备生物柴油

发布时间：2018-02-14 20:12

  本文关键词： 生物柴油 茶油下脚油 固体催化剂　出处：《华南理工大学》2015年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：本文针对目前生物柴油产业面临的原料昂贵问题,结合我国“全国油茶产业发展规划(2009~2020)”政策,选择茶油下脚油为原料,在催化剂的作用下与甲醇反应制得生物柴油。研究了茶油下脚油高温淡碱工艺预处理时的最佳氢氧化钾浓度,并以预处理后的茶油下脚油为原料,甲醇钠为催化剂制备生物柴油,以生物柴油产率为评价指标研究了醇油比、反应温度、反应时间、催化剂用量和搅拌速度等对工艺过程的影响。结果表明:醇油比为6:1,反应时间为90min,催化剂用量为原料油的1.1wt%,搅拌速度为800r/min,反应温度为60℃是工艺的最优条件。此外,本文还针对以上均相反应中催化剂不易分离回收的缺点研究制备了一种固体催化剂。本着环保、低成本的原则,以吸附性较强的海泡石为载体,碳酸钾为浸渍液,用浸渍法制备了固体催化剂。研究了相同条件下,不同浓度的碳酸钾溶液浸渍海泡石所得固体催化剂中碳酸钾负载率的变化情况及不同负载率对生物柴油转化率的影响。结果表明:随着碳酸钾浓度的增加,碳酸钾的负载率先增加后趋于平缓,综合考虑碳酸钾选择50wt%碳酸钾溶液最佳(此时负载率为23.73%)。且随着负载率的增加,生物柴油的产率不断增加,负载率为23.73%时,生物柴油转化率可达64.3%。考虑到天然海泡石制备的固体催化剂用于酯交换反应制备生物柴油时转化率不高。本文用硫酸酸化海泡石的工艺来增加海泡石的比表面积,以进一步增加碳酸钾的负载率从而提高生物柴油的转化率。并通过场发射扫描电子显微镜(SEM),全自动比表面积孔隙分析仪(BET),X-射线衍射仪(XRD)对天然海泡石负载碳酸钾制得的固体催化剂及硫酸酸化后的海泡石负载碳酸钾制得的固体催化剂进行了对比分析。结果表明硫酸酸化后的海泡石比表面积明显增大,碳酸钾负载量明显增加(20%硫酸酸化后负载率为77.66%),生物柴油转化率明显提高(达98%)。以碳酸钾的负载量和生物柴油的产率为评价标准探索了硫酸酸化的最优条件以及以硫酸酸化后的海泡石负载碳酸钾制得的固体催化剂用于酯交换反应制备生物柴油的最优工艺条件。实验结果发现酸化的最优条件:碳酸钾浓度为50%,硫酸的最佳浓度为20%,酸化温度为87℃;制备生物柴油的最优工艺条件:醇油比为8:1,反应温度为65℃,反应时间为10h,催化剂用量为5wt%。
[Abstract]:In view of the high cost of raw materials faced by the biodiesel industry and the policy of "National Development Plan of Camellia oleifera", this paper selects the crude oil of tea oil as raw material. Biodiesel was prepared by the reaction of methanol with catalyst. The optimum concentration of potassium hydroxide was studied when tea oil was pretreated with light alkali at high temperature. Biodiesel was prepared with sodium methoxide as catalyst. The ratio of alcohol to oil, reaction temperature and reaction time were studied with the yield of biodiesel as evaluation index. The effects of catalyst dosage and stirring speed on the process were obtained. The results showed that the optimum conditions were as follows: the ratio of alcohol to oil was 6: 1, the reaction time was 90 min, the amount of catalyst was 1.1 wtlong of the raw oil, the stirring speed was 800 r / min, and the reaction temperature was 60 鈩，

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