两亲型表面活性剂—丙烯酰胺共聚物驱油剂合成及性能研究

发布时间：2018-02-24 21:00

  本文关键词： 表面活性单体 两亲聚合物 表观黏度 黏弹性 驱油　出处：《东北石油大学》2015年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：目前我国许多油田已经进入了三次采油阶段,三元复合驱虽然可以大幅度提高原油采收率,但是其中碱的使用增加了采油的技术难度和处理成本。提高采收率近年的研究热点正向着开发弱(无)碱表面活性剂-聚合物二元复合驱发展,但是在现场应用中,这种二元体系会发生非常严重的相分离和色谱分离,体系驱油效果下降。因此,需要开发同时具有高黏度和高界面活性的驱油剂来提高采收率。本文以马来酸酐、直链醇、氯丙烯为原料,经磺化和酯化反应,合成出四种不同烷基链长的马来酸双酯型表面活性单体,对合成条件进行优化,并对产物结构进行红外表征。在氧化还原引发体系作用下,进行水溶液聚合反应,得到一系列不同链长的马来酸双酯磺酸钠与丙烯酰胺共聚合产物,得到共聚的最佳条件是马来酸双酯磺酸钠单体含量:1%、引发剂:0.4%、反应温度:55℃、单体总含量:25%、丙烯酰胺水解度:25%,并对产物结构进行红外表征。对四种不同烷基链长的马来酸双酯型表面活性单体的表面性能研究表明,四种不同链长的马来酸双酯磺酸钠都具有很低的临界胶束浓度和表面张力。临界胶束浓度随着链长的增加而逐渐减小,而最低表面张力随着链长的增加先下降后增大,C18H31O4Na的表面张力最低为24.21 mN/m。热力学参数计算表明,当碳数增加时,表面活性剂的Amin值、pC20值先增大后减小;ΠCMC受链长影响不大。对共聚物水溶液黏度测试表明,随着共聚物浓度的增加,溶液的表观黏度呈现增大趋势;在低剪切速率下,溶液表现出一定的剪切增稠性质,随着剪切速率增加,溶液黏度迅速下降;随着温度的升高,表观黏度变化较小,显示出良好的耐温性能;随着矿化度浓度的增加,共聚物的表观黏度呈现下降趋势,共聚物抗Na+的能力要比抗Ca2+能力强。对共聚物水溶液黏弹性测试表明,共聚物在低浓度时,主要是拥有黏性的,随着共聚物浓度的增大,共聚物逐渐拥有一些弹性模量;随着频率的增加,共聚物由黏性模式向弹性模式转变。通过对注聚浓度、段塞大小和段塞组合的优化研究得到:在实验条件下,采用“前置段塞(2500 mg/L 0.05PV)+主段塞(1200 mg/L,0.38 PV)+水驱至98%”的聚驱方式,采收率增加最多,可增加21.0%。
[Abstract]:At present, many oil fields in China have entered the stage of tertiary oil recovery. Although ASP flooding can greatly improve oil recovery, However, the use of alkali increases the technical difficulty and processing cost of oil recovery. The research focus on improving oil recovery in recent years is developing towards the development of weak (no) alkali surfactant / polymer binary composite flooding, but it is applied in the field. This binary system will have very serious phase separation and chromatographic separation, and the oil displacement efficiency of the system will be decreased. Therefore, it is necessary to develop oil remover with high viscosity and high interfacial activity to improve oil recovery. In this paper, maleic anhydride, straight chain alcohol, Four surface active monomers of diester maleate with different alkyl chain lengths were synthesized by sulfonation and esterification of chloropropene. The synthesis conditions were optimized and the structure of the product was characterized by IR. A series of copolymerization products of sodium maleate diester sulfonate and acrylamide with different chain lengths were obtained by aqueous solution polymerization. The optimum conditions for copolymerization were: sodium maleate diester sulfonate monomer content: 1: 1, initiator: 0.4g, reaction temperature: 55 鈩，

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