输油管道泄漏检测定位研究

发布时间：2018-02-26 03:03

本文关键词： 输油管道负压力波泄漏检测泄漏定位灵敏度　出处：《西安石油大学》2015年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：管道运输是与铁路、公路、航空、水运并驾齐驱的五大运输行业之一,已成为现代工业和国民经济的命脉。随着管道输送工业的发展,石油输送管网老化程度严重,加上不可避免的腐蚀、磨损和人为破坏等因素,管道泄漏现象频频发生。原油管道运输中的泄漏事故,不仅损失物质和污染环境,还有可能带来重大的人身伤亡。为保障管道安全运行和将泄漏事故造成的危害减少到最小,需要研究泄漏检测技术以获得更高的泄漏检测灵敏度和更准确的泄漏点定位精度。管道泄漏检测是多领域、跨学科的课题,涉及到管道流体力学、热力学、传感技术、微弱信号检测、信号处理等多个学科。本文对泄漏检测及定位技术进行了深入的研究。本文总结了国内外输油管道泄漏检测的研究状况,详细阐述管道泄漏定位检测的原理方法、难点及解决办法。分析了负压波传播规律,波速计算方法;针对输油管道的特点,分析了压力波泄漏检测技术的定位原理以及影响准确定位的关键因素;采用流量平衡法判断管道是否发生泄漏;通过首末站设置GPS授时仪的方法实现首末站信号同步采集,集合以上各类条件开发设计了输油管道泄漏检测系统,并将该系统在陕西延长石油集团管道运输公司川口输油站至甘泉输油站管线上进行验证,取得了一定的效果,在泄漏量大时系统显示准确,但该系统对小得泄漏反应并不是很灵敏。
[Abstract]:Pipeline transportation is one of the five transportation industries, which is parallel with railway, highway, aviation and water transportation, and has become the lifeblood of modern industry and national economy. With the development of pipeline transportation industry, the aging degree of oil pipeline network is serious. Coupled with the inevitable corrosion, wear and tear and man-made damage, pipeline leakage occurs frequently. Leakage accidents in crude oil pipeline transportation not only lose material and pollute the environment, In order to ensure the safe operation of the pipeline and minimize the damage caused by the leakage accident, It is necessary to study leak detection technology in order to obtain higher sensitivity and more accurate leak location accuracy. Pipeline leak detection is a multi-field, interdisciplinary subject, involving pipeline hydrodynamics, thermodynamics, sensing technology, Weak signal detection, signal processing and other disciplines. The leakage detection and location technology has been deeply studied in this paper. This paper summarizes the domestic and foreign oil pipeline leakage detection research status. The principles, difficulties and solutions of pipeline leak location detection are described in detail. The propagation law of negative pressure wave and the calculation method of wave velocity are analyzed, and the characteristics of oil pipeline are analyzed. The location principle of pressure wave leakage detection technology and the key factors influencing the accurate location are analyzed. The flow balance method is used to determine whether the leakage occurs in the pipeline, and the synchronous acquisition of the first and last station signals is realized by setting the GPS timing instrument at the first and last station. The leakage detection system of oil pipeline is developed and designed under the above conditions, and the system is verified on the pipeline from Chuankou oil transportation station to Ganquan oil transportation station of Shaanxi Yanchang Oil Group Pipeline Transportation Company, and some results have been obtained. When the leakage is large, the system is accurate, but the system is not very sensitive to the small leakage response.
【学位授予单位】：西安石油大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：TE973.6

【参考文献】