抗油抗盐型自生气泡排棒研制及性能评价

发布时间：2018-02-26 07:06

  本文关键词： 泡沫排水机理 起泡剂 稳泡剂 自生气泡排棒 抗油抗盐　出处：《长江大学》2015年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：随着气田的开采,开发到中后期时气井单井产量逐渐下降。当气井产气量低于临界携液气量时,井底及井筒就会产生积液。随着井底及井筒积液的逐渐增加,导致部分气井水淹甚至停产。气井积液通常为含凝析油、含甲醇的矿化水,这对常规泡排剂或泡排棒的起泡及稳泡性能有较大影响,从而影响泡沫排水的效率。常规泡排剂或泡排棒必须依赖井底气流的扰动,才能形成泡沫。当气井产气量达不到气井携液生产的最小气量时,对于部分低压低产气井,采用常规泡排剂或泡排棒进行泡排是无法有效排出井底积液的。针对上述难点,本文拟研制出一种适用于此类积液气井的新型、高效抗油抗盐型自生气泡排棒,为此类积液气井的开采提供理论基础及技术支撑。本文通过大量文献调研,对泡沫排水机理从四个方面进行分析,分别为泡沫效应、分散效应、减阻效应、洗涤效应；归纳总结了起泡及稳泡性能的影响因素,如表面活性、分子结构、外界因素、泡沫形状等。通过理论分析及室内实验,利用表面活性剂间的复配协同效应,应用Ross-Miles法,运用正交设计软件,筛选出最佳的起泡剂配方体系。采用排液法收集气体(忽略溶于水的微量二氧化碳),确定该自生气药剂的最佳反应比例。常温常压条件下,2g碳酸氢钠(分析纯)与2.5g柠檬酸(分析纯)反应生成525ml的气体。最终,确定了抗油抗盐型自生气泡排棒体系的主要配方,起泡剂体系配方：0.1%CAB(固)+0.05%WS(固)+0.1%聚乙二醇(固)；自生气药剂配方：碳酸氢钠(分析纯)：柠檬酸(分析纯)=4：5。本文依据石油行业相关标准,通过大量室内实验,采用Ross-Miles法、高速搅拌法等方法对该起泡剂配方体系的配伍性、起泡性能、稳泡性能、抗盐性能、抗钙性能、抗凝析油/汽油性能、抗甲醇性能等各项指标进行评价,确定了该起泡剂体系配方的适用范围。在无气流扰动条件下,对自生气泡排棒起泡性能进行评价。实验结果表明,所研制的抗油抗盐型自生气泡排棒密度可调,外观为白色固体；该起泡剂体系配方抗盐指标为200000mg/L,抗钙指标为20000mg/L,抗凝析油/汽油指标为20%,抗甲醇指标为20%,耐温可达90℃；与矿化度、甲醇、凝析油/汽油配伍性良好。向矿化度为0-200000mg/L的模拟地层水中加入该起泡剂配方体系后表面张力分别下降到32.35mN/m、34.76mN/m、35.21mN/m、36.94mN/m、37.38mN/m,具有较强的降低表面张力性能。在无气流扰动条件下,当起泡剂与自生气比例为1：1时,起泡体积为72m1；当起泡剂与自生气比例为1：2时,起泡体积为103m1；当起泡剂与自生气比例为1：3时,起泡体积为155m1；当起泡剂与自生气比例为1：4时,起泡体积为225m1；当起泡剂与自生气比例为1：5时,起泡体积高达285ml。因此,自生气药剂比例对泡排棒起泡性能有着较大影响。在现场施工应用时,应根据井底积液程度确定起泡剂与自生气药剂的比例。对动态携液性能影响因素进行分析,实验结果表明,当气体流量由0.5m3/h上升到1m3/11时,携液量由328m1上升到715m1,携液率由32.8%上升到71.5%,携液速率由2.73m1/s上升到5.96m1/S。当模拟积液中甲醇含量达到20%时,泡沫的携液率为46%,携液速率为3.83ml/ls(1.38ml/s)；当模拟积液的矿化度为200000mg/L时,泡沫的携液率为71.5%,携液速率为5.96ml/s(1.38ml/s)；当模拟积液中凝析油/汽油含量达到20%时,携液率在38.7%-36.9%范围内,携液速率在3.08m1/s-3.23ml/s(1.38m1/s)范围内；当模拟积液的矿化度200000mg/L、钙离子浓度10000mg/L、甲醇含量10%、凝析油含量10%时,携液率为35.8%,携液速率为2.98m1/s(1.38ml/s)；该起泡剂体系配方在苛刻的条件下,展示出了良好的携液性能,并具有一定的抗油抗盐抗甲醇性能。对于更苛刻的井底条件(矿化度、凝析油含量、甲醇含量更高时),可以适当的提高起泡剂所占比例,从而提高泡沫排水的效率。对动态持液性能影响因素进行分析,实验结果表明,随着模拟井筒高度的增加,泡沫排液过程中液体不断滑脱,持液率逐渐降低。在室温20℃,模拟地层水矿化度200000mg/L,钙离子浓度10000mg/L条件下,气体流量由0.5m3/h上升到1 m3/11时,1号出口持液率由12.5%上升到18.2%,2号出口持液率由10.2%上升到15.6%,3号出口持液率由8.7%上升到13.4%。气体流量对持液率有一定影响。在泡沫排液有效时间内,20-80s之间,泡沫为球形,含有大量液体,处于不稳定状态,此时持液率呈上升趋势；80-120s之间,由于气流扰动,起泡剂在水中分散均匀,形成细小稳定的泡沫,此时持液率变化甚微,基本处于平稳状态；120s以后,由于排出大量的液体,泡沫呈多边形,处于亚稳定状态。综上所述,所研制的抗油抗盐型自生气泡排棒不仅具有较强的抗油抗盐性能、耐温性能及抗甲醇性能,还具有优良的起泡及稳泡性能。本课题的研究可有效提高积液气井单井产能,从而使得气田高效、合理、均衡开发。为气田开发中后期积液气井的开采及连续稳定生产提供了相关依据和技术支撑。
[Abstract]:With the development of gas fields, to the middle and late period of gas well production decreased gradually. When the gas production rate is lower than the critical liquid carrying capacity, will produce bottom and wellbore effusion. With the gradual increase of the bottom effusion and wellbore, resulting in some wells flooded or even stop. Gas effusion usually containing condensate water mineralization methanol, the conventional foaming agent or foam good foaming and foam stabilization performance have a greater impact, thus affecting the efficiency of foam drainage. The conventional foaming agent or foaming stick must rely on bottom hole flow disturbance, in order to form a bubble. When the minimum volume of gas production is not up to the gas well with liquid production time for some, low pressure and low production wells, using conventional foaming agent or foam stick foam is unable to effectively discharge the bottom effusion. To solve these problems, this paper developed a model applicable to such effusion wells, high anti oil resistance Salt type self bubble bar, to provide a theoretical basis and technical support for this kind of gas effusion mining. Through extensive literature research, analysis of foam drainage mechanism from four aspects, respectively the bubble effect, dispersion effect, the effect of drag reduction, washing effect; and summarizes the factors affecting the performance of the foaming and foam stabilization, such as surface activity, molecular structure, external factors, such as the bubble shape. Based on the theoretical analysis and laboratory experiment, using the synergy between the surfactants, using Ross-Miles method, using orthogonal design software, selected the best formula of foaming agent system. By collecting gas drainage method (ignoring the trace amounts of carbon dioxide dissolved in water the), determine the best reaction ratio of self-generating reagent. Temperature and pressure conditions, 2G sodium bicarbonate (AR) and 2.5G citric acid (AR) gas reaction of 525ml. Finally, determine the oil resistant and salt resistance The main type of authigenic formula bar bubble system, foaming agent system formula: 0.1%CAB (solid) +0.05%WS (solid) +0.1% polyethylene glycol (solid); authigenic gas pharmaceutical formulations: sodium bicarbonate (AR): citric acid (AR) =4:5. on the basis of petroleum industry standards, through a lot of experiments, using the method of Ross-Miles, foaming the performance of compatibility, the formula of foaming agent system with high speed stirring method, the performance of foam, salt resistance, anti calcium performance, condensate oil / gasoline performance evaluation indicators, anti methanol performance, determine the scope of the foaming agent system. In the absence of flow perturbation formula under the condition of in situ bubble bar foaming properties were evaluated. The experimental results show that the oil resistant and salt resistance developed by in-situ bubble discharge rod density adjustable, the appearance is white solid; the foaming agent formulation of salt resistance index of 200000mg/L, calcium resistance index 20000mg/L, condensate oil / gasoline methanol resistance index is 20%, index is 20%, the temperature can reach 90 DEG C; methanol and mineralization, and the condensate oil / gasoline. Good compatibility to salinity is added to the formula of foaming agent system after surface tension of simulated formation water 0-200000mg/L was decreased to 32.35mN/m, 34.76mN/m. 35.21mN/m, 36.94mN/m, 37.38mN/m, has a strong surface tension reduction performance. In the absence of air disturbance conditions, when the foaming agent and self-generating ratio was 1:1. The foaming volume is 72m1; when the foaming agent and self-generating ratio was 1:2. The foaming volume is 103m1; when the foaming agent and self-generating ratio was 1:3. The foaming volume is 155m1; when the foaming agent and self-generating ratio was 1:4. The foaming volume is 225m1; when the foaming agent and self-generating ratio was 1:5. The foaming volume is as high as 285ml. therefore, authigenic gas ratio on the foaming agents foam can have a stick Greater impact. In the field of construction should be based on the application, to determine the extent of bottomhole liquid foaming agent and reagent proportion. Self-generating liquid carrying on the dynamic performance influence factors are analyzed, the experimental results show that when the gas flow is increased from 0.5m3/h to 1m3/11, the liquid carrying amount is increased from 328m1 to 715m1, liquid ratio increased from 32.8% to 71.5%, liquid carrying rate increased from 2.73m1/s to 5.96m1/S. when the methanol content in simulated effusion reaches 20%, the foam liquid carrying rate was 46%. The liquid carrying rate of 3.83ml/ls (1.38ml/s); when the simulated effusion salinity is 200000mg/L, foam liquid carrying rate was 71.5%. The liquid carrying rate of 5.96ml/s (1.38ml/s); when the condensate oil / fluid simulation gasoline content reaches 20%, the liquid carrying rate in the range of 38.7%-36.9%, the liquid carrying rate in 3.08m1/s-3.23ml/s (1.38m1/s) in the range of 200000mg/L; the degree of mineralization when simulating effusion, calcium ion concentration of 10000mg/L, the content of methanol 10%, the condensate oil content is 10%, the liquid carrying rate was 35.8%. The liquid carrying rate of 2.98m1/s (1.38ml/s); the foaming agent formulation in harsh conditions, showing good performance liquid and has certain anti oil, anti salt and anti methanol performance. For more stringent conditions for mineralization (bottom of condensate oil content, methanol content is higher), we can increase the proportion of foaming agent, so as to improve the efficiency of foam drainage. For holding liquid effects on the properties of dynamic factor analysis, the experimental results show that with the increase of the height of the wellbore, foam drainage in the process of continuous liquid slippage, liquid holdup gradually reduced at room temperature of 20 DEG C, simulated salinity 200000mg/L, calcium ion concentration under the condition of 10000mg/L, gas flow rate increased from 0.5m3/h to 1 m3/11, exit 1, liquid holdup increased from 12.5% to 18.2%, exit 2, liquid holdup increased from 10.2% to 15.6%, to exit 3. 娑茬巼鐢，

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