多元共聚物的设计、合成及其在油田的应用研究

发布时间：2018-02-26 18:13

  本文关键词： 四元共聚 预脱水剂 破乳剂 采出液　出处：《武汉理工大学》2015年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：随着三次采油技术逐渐推广,油井采出液性质更为复杂,其中乳状液更加稳定,导致破乳脱水的难度增大,传统破乳剂已经很难满足现在采出液的处理要求。通过多元共聚可以实现对高分子预脱水剂的结构和性质的人为调控,成为近年来研究新型破乳剂的最为有效途径之一。本文首先采用Langmuir-Blodgett(LB)技术对新疆火烧山油田含聚采出液乳状液的稳定性进行了研究,并根据其稳定性的特点和影响因素,设计并合成了一系列四元共聚高分子预脱水剂。对其破乳脱水效果进行室内评价并筛选出效果最佳的预脱水剂,然后在新疆火烧山油田现场进行现场试验。得出如下结论:1.采用LB技术对含聚采出液油水界面膜的稳定性进行了研究。研究表明:随着水相中聚丙烯酰胺浓度的增加,油水界面膜稳定性增加。2.采用乳液聚合的方式,通过正交实验选择合适的单体投加配比和最佳的反应条件,合成出了四元共聚高分子预脱水剂,并采用红外光谱对其结构进行了表征,结果表明所制得产物的结构与所设计的分子结构基本一致。其中最佳的单体投加配比为:m(BA)=25 g,m(MMA)=8 g,m(St)=8 g,m(AA)=3 g。最佳的反应条件分别为:反应温度为75℃,反应时间为4.5 h,引发剂用量为单体质量的0.5%,乳化剂用量为单体质量的6%。3.室内破乳脱水效果评价结果表明:四元共聚预脱水剂对含聚采出液脱水率和脱水速率同时随着温度和加药浓度的升高而提高;脱出水水中含油量与破乳温度没有明显关系,但随着加药浓度的增加而降低。在30℃,50 mg/L的加药浓度下,预脱水剂WH-2的脱水率为96.23%,脱出水水中含油量为89.6 mg/L。将预脱水剂WH-2与现场用破乳剂ZP-1复配之后,最佳复配质量比例为1:2,最佳加药浓度为50 mg/L,最佳破乳温度为50℃。复配之后,在30℃,加药量浓度为50 mg/L时,脱水率可达到97.36%,水中含油量为143.1 mg/L,达到了技术指标。4.现场试验结果表明:将预脱水剂WH-2和现场用破乳剂ZP-1以质量比为1:2,1:4,1:5复配使用,脱水率达到98%以上,水中含油量低于160 mg/L,同时可以使最低加药浓度降低到9 mg/L,最高可节约50%的加药成本。并且能够将管汇压力降低到0.6 MPa以下,增加原油采出液的日来液量。
[Abstract]:With the popularization of the tertiary oil recovery technology, the properties of the produced fluid are more complex, and the emulsion is more stable, which leads to the difficulty of demulsification and dehydration. The traditional demulsifier has been difficult to meet the requirements of the treatment of the extracted liquid. The artificial control of the structure and properties of the polymer pre-dehydrating agent can be realized by multicomponent copolymerization. It has become one of the most effective ways to study the new demulsifier in recent years. Firstly, the stability of the emulsion containing produced liquid in Huozaoshan Oilfield, Xinjiang was studied by Langmuir-Blodgett LB technique, and according to its stability characteristics and influencing factors, A series of quaternary polymeric predehydrating agents were designed and synthesized. The demulsification and dehydration effect was evaluated in laboratory and the best pre-dehydrating agent was screened out. Then the field test was carried out in Huozaoshan Oilfield, Xinjiang. The following conclusions were drawn: 1. The stability of oil-water interfacial film of polymer recovery liquid was studied by LB technique. The results showed that: with the increase of the concentration of polyacrylamide in water phase, the stability of oil-water interfacial film was studied. The stability of oil-water interfacial film was increased .2.Quaternary copolymerized polymer predehydrating agent was synthesized by means of emulsion polymerization, proper monomer ratio and optimum reaction conditions were selected by orthogonal experiment. The structure was characterized by infrared spectroscopy. The results show that the structure of the product is basically the same as that of the designed molecular structure, and the optimum monomer ratio is 25 g of MMAA (25 g / m) and 8 g / m ~ ((1)) of MMAA. The optimum reaction conditions are as follows: the reaction temperature is 75 鈩，

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