常减压装置深拔及其调控技术研究

发布时间：2018-03-05 14:54

本文选题：常减压蒸馏　切入点：切割温度　出处：《西安石油大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：随着国内原油加工能力的进一步过剩,现有装置的节能提质增效将成为各炼化企业“十三五”期间技改的重要方向之一。常减压蒸馏装置作为原油深度加工的基础,充分的分馏可以保证目标产品的收率和质量、下游装置的生产和全厂经济效益。减压深拔技术可以通过在现有重质馏分油切割温度的基础上提高温度,增加馏分油拔出率。一方面温度作为最关键的条件,通常采用提高减压炉出口温度的方法来进行深拔,但提高温度的同时不可避免的会面临结焦,且不同性质油品的结焦性也各有不同。另一方面是否进行减压深拔还需要根据油品中杂质分布和重质减压馏分油的性质用途决定。因此研究不同油品的结焦过程中变化规律及不同切割温度下减压蜡油的性质对提高炉温及切割温度具有理论性的指导作用。本文将环烷基、中间基、石蜡基三种常渣原料经热反应,得到不同温度及不同停留时间下生焦曲线,同时根据原料性质得出结论,当温度达到415℃该环烷基油样停留时间需在8min前为宜,且温度应严格控制在420℃以下,中间基、石蜡基油样因反应温度对生焦影响变化缓慢,可控制10min前或根据工况适量延长停留时间在提高炉温的情况控制结焦量。对不同反应温度油样进行极性八组分分离,并与生焦量进行关联,得到关联式Y=0.6929K+0.0988,相关系数0.9643。分别测定三种常渣原料不同反应温度下油样元素组成,并对生焦明显的环烷基样品,以核磁共振氢谱,结合红外光谱分析及元素组成、平均分子量等数据,用改进的Brown-Ladner计算渣油平均结构参数。结果表明,该环烷基油H/C比接近1.5,质量较差,不易于轻质化。其余两种渣油质量好一些,易于轻质化。且随着反应温度的升高,三种油样的H/C依次减少。环烷基油样随着温度的升高,芳碳率fA和分子量逐渐增大,烷基碳率fP逐渐减小。将三种油样进行克氏蒸馏并对不同温度减压馏分的金属含量进行测定。研究结果表明,该石蜡基油可以在540℃基础上继续进行深拔,提高蜡油的收率。而中间基、环烷基油虽然重金属(Ni+V)含量也较低但是经减压深拔后渣油粘度较大,考虑深拔温度在540℃左右为宜。
[Abstract]:With the further excess domestic crude oil processing capacity, quality and efficiency of the existing energy-saving device will become one of the important direction of the enterprise "in 13th Five-Year." during the transformation of atmospheric and vacuum distillation unit as the basis for deep processing of crude oil, the fractionation can ensure the yield and quality of target products, downstream equipment production and plant vacuum deep economic benefits. Pull technology can be based on existing cutting temperature of heavy oil on the increase in temperature, increase the distillate pull-out rate. On the one hand the temperature as the most critical condition, usually adopts the method of increasing temperature for deep cut vacuum furnace, but also improve the temperature inevitably face the coking, coking and different properties the oil is also different. On the other hand, whether deep vacuum distillation also need to use oil according to the nature of the impurity distribution and heavy VGO will . changes of the coking process so the research on different oil and different cutting properties of VGO temperature to improve temperature and cutting temperature has a guiding role in the theory. This paper will ring alkyl, intermediate base, paraffin base three common slag material by thermal reaction, different temperature and different retention time of coke at the same time curve, according to raw material concluded that, when the temperature reaches 415 DEG C of the naphthenic oil samples for residence time should be in the 8min, and the temperature should be strictly controlled at 420 DEG C, intermediate base, paraffin base oil samples due to change of reaction temperature on coke effect is slow, can control the 10min or according to the condition of prolonged the residence time in the amount of coke improve temperature control. The polarity of the separation of the eight components of different reaction temperature of oil, and were associated with the coke yield, correlations of Y=0.6929K+0.0988, correlation coefficient 0.9643. respectively were measured in three Ordinary slag under different reaction temperature of oil sample elements, and the coke naphthenic samples obviously, by 1H NMR, IR and elemental composition analysis, the average molecular weight data, calculate the average structural parameters of residual oil with improved Brown-Ladner. The results show that the naphthenic oil ratio close to H/C 1.5, poor quality, not easy to light. The remaining two residue in good quality, easy to light. And with the increase of reaction temperature, three oil samples of H/C decrease successively. The naphthenic oil sample with the increase of temperature, the aromatic carbon rate of fA and molecular weight gradually increased, fP decreased rate of alkyl carbon. Three kinds of oil samples were distilled and gram metal content in different temperature vacuum fraction were determined. The results showed that the paraffin base oil can continue deep drawing at 540 degrees on the basis of improving oil yield. The intermediate base, although heavily naphthenic base oil The content of the genus (Ni+V) is also low, but the viscosity of the residual oil is larger after the decompression and deep drawing. It is suitable for the deep drawing temperature to be about 540 C.

【学位授予单位】：西安石油大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：TE96

【参考文献】