高蜡高稠原油降凝剂的合成与评价

发布时间：2018-03-10 16:56

  本文选题：降凝剂　切入点：原油　出处：《山东大学》2015年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：作为世界能源的主要供给者,石油在当代社会的重要性日益显著。随着世界石油需求量的不断增加,进一步有效利用高蜡高稠原油资源的必要性日益凸显,特别是随着现有油田的不断开发,开采后期高蜡高稠原油所占比例越来越高,更增加了其重要性。高蜡高稠原油的高含蜡和高粘性使得原油的工业应用条件更加苛刻。因此,有效降低高蜡高稠原油的凝点和粘性具有深刻的工业意义,从而构成了油田化学研究的难点和热点。第一部分实验采用分散聚合法,分散剂为聚乙烯吡咯烷酮(PVP),分散介质为无水乙醇,合成了含有咪唑环、磺酸基团和酯基的三元共聚物——聚(乙烯基咪唑-2-丙烯酰胺基-2-甲基丙磺酸-甲基丙烯酸十八酯)三元共聚物(PVAS)。对聚合物进行了傅里叶红外光谱(FTIR)、核磁共振氢谱(]NMR)、热失重(TGA)和激光光散射(DLS)等表征。以大庆油田原油为实验对象,采用差示扫描热分析(DSC)和石油凝点试验仪对其进行了降凝效果的研究。并通过正交试验确定了最佳的单体配比、反应温度、反应时间和引发剂用量；采用单因素实验法确定了聚乙烯吡咯烷酮的最佳用量。实验表明当降凝剂加入量为600ppm,与原油热处理温度为80℃时具有最佳的降凝效果。采用分子模拟对含有咪唑环、磺酸基和酯基类高蜡稠油降凝聚合物的作用过程进行了分子动力学模拟计算,对实验进行了验证。在对降凝机理做了一定分析阐述的前提下,对组分进行了势能和非键能的模拟,在模拟的温度条件,体系势能逐渐增加并趋于稳定,而体系非键能的数值很小,且基本没有变化。于是初步可以得到加入降凝剂后的原油中石蜡具有聚集于降凝剂分子的特性；能量模拟可以得出势能逐步提高并稳定,体系微观密度有所下降。该聚合物在理论和实际上均具有降低原油凝固点的作用。第二部分实验采用分散聚合法,分散剂采用聚乙烯吡咯烷酮(PVP),分散介质采用无水乙醇,反应制备了以马来酸酐和甲基丙烯酸十八酯为单体的二元共聚物(PSMA-a),并对聚合物用苯胺进行酰胺化处理得到降凝剂——苯胺胺解解聚(马来酸酐-甲基丙烯酸十八酯)PSMA。采用傅里叶红外光谱(FTIR)和热失重(TGA)对聚合物的结构和热稳定性进行表征。以大庆油田原油为实验对象,采用差示扫描热分析(DSC)、石油凝点试验仪和石油产品运动粘度计对其进行了降凝降粘性能的研究。并通过正交试验确定了最佳的反应时间、反应温度、单体配比和引发剂用量。实验表明当降凝剂加入量为750ppm, PVP用量为单体总质量的8%时具有最佳的降凝降粘效果。
[Abstract]:As the main supplier of energy in the world, oil is becoming more and more important in the contemporary society. With the increasing demand for oil in the world, the necessity of making further effective use of high-wax and high-dense crude oil resources has become increasingly prominent. In particular, with the continuous development of existing oil fields, the proportion of high-waxy and high-viscous crude oil is increasing in the late stage of exploitation, which increases its importance. The high wax content and high viscosity of high-waxy and high-viscous crude oil make the industrial application conditions of crude oil more demanding. It is of great industrial significance to effectively reduce the condensate point and viscosity of high wax and high viscous crude oil, which constitutes the difficulty and hot spot of oil field chemistry research. The first part of the experiment adopts dispersion polymerization method. The dispersant was polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) and the dispersing medium was ethanol (anhydrous), which contained imidazole ring. The copolymer of sulfonate group and ester group-poly (vinyl imidazolyl-2-acrylamide-2-methylpropanesulfonic acid-18 ester) copolymer was prepared by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR). (] NMRA, TGA and DLSs. The crude oil in Daqing Oilfield was used as the experimental object. The anticoagulant effect was studied by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and petroleum condensate point tester. The optimum monomer ratio, reaction temperature, reaction time and initiator dosage were determined by orthogonal test. The optimum dosage of polyvinylpyrrolidone was determined by single factor experiment. The results showed that the optimum decoagulant effect was obtained when the amount of pour point depressant was 600 ppm and the heat treatment temperature of crude oil was 80 鈩，

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