十万方原油储罐的关键结构设计与分析

发布时间：2018-03-13 12:37

本文选题：外浮顶　切入点：储罐　出处：《西南石油大学》2015年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：随着全球能源需求的日益加重,我国一直不断加紧建设国家能源储备库,其储备能力将会达到百万甚至千万立方米。但是,现阶段我国成品油的储备能力相对较弱,而且抵御风险和应对突发事件的能力也比较薄弱,为此我国需要建立更大或者更多的储罐来提高原油的储备能力。伴随着储罐的大型化趋势,国内外学者对其设计与建造进行了越来越多的研究,也取得了一定的理论科研成果。但是,要实现十万方储罐的实际工程应用,现有的研究还远远不够充实与完善,需要开展更为详细的分析研究工作,并为十万方储罐的结构优化提供理论支撑。本文广泛调研了国内外大型储罐的相关资料,并结合我国大型储罐设计与建造的技术要求,开展了10万立方米原油储罐的设计与分析工作,主要包括以下几个方面： (1)完成了国内外相关研究资料的搜集及现场调研,并对目前国内主要的罐区、大罐设计单位、大罐设计标准和大罐用高强钢进行详细的调研,掌握了目前国内大型浮顶储罐设计实践中结构和尺寸选择的实际情况。对比分析了目前国内外大型油罐材料的选用情况及差异性,并对其主要差异作出说明。 (2)建立了大型储罐的受力模型,对罐壁的受力情况及罐壁与罐底连接处的边缘应力进行分析。罐壁主要受到储液静压力的作用,此静压力呈三角形分布,由上到下逐渐增大,油罐充液以后,罐壁上部在内压作用下沿径向可以自由变形,但下部在罐壁与罐底连接处,因受到罐底的约束,此处罐壁的径向位移为零,罐底板有一定的距离离开了基础。给出了罐壁弯曲应力、环向应力和罐底弯曲应力的计算公式,为大角焊缝处的有限元分析奠定了理论基础。 (3)采用了美国石油协会的API650标准对大罐的结构进行设计,给出了焊接、排水、密封以及防腐等结构工艺的具体方案,并针对储罐实际施工时结构工艺的重点和难点进行了分析。 (4)利用ANSYS有限元分析软件建立罐体模型,对罐体在水压试验工况下各部位的应力分布进行了研究,并讨论了边缘板的内伸长度、外伸长度、厚度和焊脚高度对罐体各部位应力的影响规律,给出了经济合理的设计尺寸,从而实现罐体局部结构的优化设计。综上所述,本文在对国内外现有大型储罐研究分析的基础上,结合我国10万立方米原油储罐设计与建造的实际情况,设计了10万方的外浮顶罐,并对其关键部位进行了有限元分析,为十万方原油储罐的优化设计提供了可靠的依据,有利于提高我国成品油的储备能力。
[Abstract]:With the increasing global energy demand, China has been continuously stepping up the construction of the national energy reserve, and its reserve capacity will reach millions or even ten million cubic meters. However, at the present stage, the reserve capacity of China's refined oil products is relatively weak. Moreover, the ability to resist risks and deal with emergencies is also relatively weak. For this reason, our country needs to build larger or more tanks to improve the reserve capacity of crude oil. With the trend of large-scale storage tanks, Scholars at home and abroad have made more and more research on the design and construction of the tank, and have also made certain theoretical scientific research achievements. However, to realize the practical engineering application of the 100,000 square storage tank, the existing research is far from sufficient and perfect. More detailed analysis and research work is needed to provide theoretical support for structural optimization of 100,000 square storage tanks. In this paper, the relevant data of large storage tanks at home and abroad are extensively investigated, and the design and analysis of 100,000 cubic meters crude oil storage tanks are carried out in combination with the technical requirements for the design and construction of large storage tanks in China, which mainly include the following aspects:. 1) completed the collection and field investigation of relevant research materials at home and abroad, and carried out a detailed investigation on the main domestic tank areas, large tank design units, design standards for large tanks and high strength steel for large tanks. This paper has grasped the actual situation of structure and size selection in the design practice of large floating roof tank at home and abroad, and compared and analyzed the material selection and difference of large oil tank at home and abroad, and explained its main differences. (2) the stress model of large storage tank is established, and the stress situation of tank wall and the edge stress at the junction between tank wall and tank bottom are analyzed. The static pressure of tank wall is mainly affected by the static pressure of storage liquid, which is distributed in triangle, and increases gradually from top to bottom. After filling the tank, the upper part of the tank wall can deform freely along the radial direction under the action of internal pressure, but the lower part of the tank wall is at the junction between the tank wall and the bottom of the tank, because it is constrained by the bottom of the tank, the radial displacement of the tank wall is zero. The calculation formulas of bending stress, circumferential stress and bending stress of tank bottom are given, which lays a theoretical foundation for the finite element analysis of large fillet welds. In this paper, the API650 standard of American Petroleum Association is adopted to design the structure of large tank, and the concrete schemes of welding, drainage, sealing and anticorrosion are given, and the emphases and difficulties of structural process are analyzed in view of the actual construction of storage tank. 4) using ANSYS finite element analysis software, the tank model is established, and the stress distribution of each part of the tank under the condition of hydraulic test is studied, and the extension length and the extension length of the edge plate are discussed. The influence of thickness and welding foot height on the stress of each part of the tank is studied. The economical and reasonable design size is given to realize the optimum design of the local structure of the tank. To sum up, on the basis of the research and analysis of the existing large storage tanks at home and abroad, combined with the actual situation of the design and construction of 100,000 cubic meters crude oil storage tanks in China, a 100,000-square external floating roof tank is designed. The finite element analysis of the key parts provides a reliable basis for the optimal design of 100,000 square crude oil storage tanks and is conducive to improving the reserve capacity of refined oil products in China.
【学位授予单位】：西南石油大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：TE972

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