基地式储油罐油水界面检测装置设计

发布时间：2018-03-15 05:07

本文选题：油水界面　切入点：逐点测量　出处：《内蒙古科技大学》2015年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：我国大部分油田处于开采中后期，原油本身的压力持续地降低，所以在实际开采中需要对油层进行注水，导致原油含水率较高，对储运造成较大的压力，同时加大了设施能耗和浪费，对原油进行脱水工作是油田开采中必要的一环。实际情况中油罐里的原油和水之间有一乳化层，该层有油、水和乳化剂等成分，是油水过渡层，过渡层的存在使油水界面模糊。而脱水的关键是找到合理的油水分界面，这对提高排水效率和脱水质量，减少跑油事故，尤为重要。本课题基于电容——频率转化法设计了油水界面检测装置，采用分段式电容传感器作为分辨电容大小的元件，利用LC振荡电路，把难检测的电容信号变为易测量的频率信号，最后根据不同介质区域返回的频率值不同，获取合理的油水界面。本文描述了油水界面测量装置的测量原理和检测流程，给出了具体设计方案，对装置的传感器、振荡电路、数据传输等部分做了详细的分析阐述。针对检测装置的实现功能，设计的硬件包括分段式电容传感器、LC振荡电路、频率信号调制电路、多通道选择电路和电源电路等，STM32单片机作为信号采集和处理的主控制器；设计的软件部分主要包括信号采集、数据处理和通信程序等。为了适应油田的生产要求，系统设置了主机和从机，从机通过数据处理得到的结果，通过低功耗无线传感模块ZigBee传至主机，这样可以很方便地组成多节点局域网。针对装置实际的工作条件和被测对象的特点，本课题在自然环境下设计了一个油罐模型，使用与原油性质相似的食用油和水利用该模型进行实验，主要测试硬件电路的可靠性和准确性，并进行了装置的重复性实验，，通过实验验证，本装置工作可靠稳定，可以为原油的脱水处理提供合理的油水界面数据，简化工作流程和加快脱水速度，达到了预期目标要求。
[Abstract]:Most of the oil fields in China are in the middle and late stage of production, and the pressure of crude oil itself has been continuously reduced. Therefore, in actual production, it is necessary to inject water into the reservoir, resulting in a high water cut of crude oil, resulting in greater pressure on storage and transportation. At the same time, the energy consumption and waste of facilities have been increased. Dehydration of crude oil is a necessary link in oil field production. In practice, there is an emulsified layer between crude oil and water in oil tanks, which contains oil, water and emulsifiers, and is a transition layer between oil and water. The existence of transition layer makes oil-water interface blurred, and the key of dehydration is to find a reasonable oil-water interface, which is especially important for improving drainage efficiency and dehydration quality and reducing oil running accidents. Based on the capacitance-frequency conversion method, the oil-water interface detection device is designed in this paper. The segmented capacitance sensor is used as the component to distinguish the capacitance size, and the LC oscillating circuit is used to transform the difficult capacitance signal into the frequency signal that is easy to measure. Finally, reasonable oil-water interface is obtained according to the different return frequency values in different medium regions. This paper describes the measuring principle and detecting flow of oil-water interface measuring device, and gives the specific design scheme, the sensor of the device, the oscillating circuit, According to the realization function of the detecting device, the hardware includes the LC oscillation circuit of the segmented capacitive sensor, the frequency signal modulation circuit, and so on. The multi-channel selection circuit and power supply circuit are used as the main controller for signal acquisition and processing, and the software includes signal acquisition, data processing and communication program. In order to meet the requirements of oil field production, the system has set up a host and slave, the slave computer through data processing results, through the low-power wireless sensor module ZigBee to the host, In this way, it is convenient to form a multi-node LAN. According to the actual working conditions of the device and the characteristics of the object under test, a model of oil tank is designed in the natural environment. The model is used to test the reliability and accuracy of the hardware circuit by using the model of edible oil and water similar to crude oil, and the repeatability experiment of the device is carried out. The experimental results show that the device works reliably and stably. It can provide reasonable oil-water interface data for the dehydration treatment of crude oil, simplify the work flow and speed up the dehydration rate, and reach the expected goal.
【学位授予单位】：内蒙古科技大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：TE972

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