抽油机泵效参数检测与控制方法研究

发布时间：2018-03-21 13:06

本文选题：示功图　切入点：泵效计算　出处：《沈阳工业大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：我国油田地质情形复杂,大部分油井在一段时间的开采后会发生供液不足的情况。油井供液能力不足会导致有杆抽油系统排油量降低,影响抽油系统泵效,造成能源浪费。如何准确、及时地根据井下供液实况调整有杆抽油系统的运行状态是石油领域的重要研究方向。针对泵效低下的问题,本文主要进行以下几个方面的研究工作:(1)分析有杆抽油系统的工作原理,重点研究示功图的相关概念,区分几种典型的故障示功图。作为判断油井生产状态的重要依据,示功图的参数测量与绘制直接影响泵效参数测量的准确率。选择CSF-3GB型载荷传感器对抽油井的载荷参数进行测量,设计载荷信号采集电路,对电路进行仿真,验证其有效性。(2)通过示功图载荷参数的提取,设定抽油系统模型的边界条件和初始条件,建立有杆抽油系统数学模型,利用傅里叶变换方法对Gibbs波动方程求解,将地面载荷函数和位移函数转化为井下泵处的载荷函数和位移函数,从而完成示功图向泵功图的转换。最后,分析泵功图中凡尔开闭点与有效冲程的关系。采用五点曲率法计算泵功图的曲率变化率,确定柱塞的有效冲程,通过有效冲程计算有杆抽油系统的泵效。(3)研究有杆抽油系统的泵效控制策略。建立基于电压空间矢量(SVPWM)的异步电机矢量控制系统模型。通过调节抽油机转速,使有杆抽油系统的冲次与油井供液状态匹配,提高系统泵效。使用Matlab/Simulink搭建基于SVPWM的异步电机矢量控制系统仿真模型,通过仿真来验证矢量控制系统的有效性。(4)设计实验方案,搭建有杆抽油系统的泵效控制实验平台,对实验数据进行分析,对比实验前后抽油系统的泵效,验证泵效控制系统的有效性。
[Abstract]:The geological conditions of oil fields in our country are complex, most oil wells will have insufficient fluid supply after a period of production. The lack of liquid supply capacity in oil wells will lead to the decrease of oil discharge of the rod pumping system, which will affect the pump efficiency of the pumping system. How to adjust the operating state of the rod pumping system accurately and timely according to the downhole liquid supply is an important research direction in the petroleum field. This paper mainly analyzes the working principle of the rod pumping system in the following aspects: 1) analyzes the related concepts of the indicator diagram, distinguishes several typical fault indicator diagrams, and serves as an important basis for judging the production state of the oil well. The parameter measurement and drawing of indicator chart directly affect the accuracy of pump efficiency parameter measurement. The load parameters of pumping well are measured by CSF-3GB load sensor, and the load signal acquisition circuit is designed, and the circuit is simulated. The validity of the model is verified by extracting load parameters from the indicator diagram, setting up the boundary conditions and initial conditions of the pumping system model, establishing the mathematical model of the sucker rod pumping system, and solving the Gibbs wave equation by using the Fourier transform method. The surface load function and displacement function are transformed into the load function and displacement function of the underground pump, so as to complete the conversion from the indicator diagram to the pump work diagram. Finally, This paper analyzes the relationship between the opening and closing points of the pump work diagram and the effective stroke. The curvature change rate of the pump work diagram is calculated by the five-point curvature method, and the effective stroke of the plunger is determined. The pump efficiency control strategy of rod pumping system is studied by calculating the pump efficiency of rod pumping system by effective stroke. A vector control system model of asynchronous motor based on voltage space vector SVPWM is established. The speed of pumping unit is adjusted by adjusting the speed of pumping unit. The pump efficiency is improved by matching the pumping times of rod pumping system with the state of oil well supply. The simulation model of vector control system of asynchronous motor based on SVPWM is built with Matlab/Simulink, and the validity of vector control system is verified by simulation. The experimental platform of pumping efficiency control of rod pumping system is built. The experimental data are analyzed and the pump efficiency of pumping system before and after the experiment is compared to verify the effectiveness of the pump efficiency control system.
【学位授予单位】：沈阳工业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：TE933

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