LNG泵用诱导轮设计及流动分析

发布时间：2018-03-21 15:21

  本文选题：诱导轮　切入点：环量分布　出处：《江苏大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：低温液化有效地解决了天然气输送不便与存储困难的问题,在此过程中,LNG泵成为输送流体的关键工具。低温液体的空化极大影响了机组的稳定运行,加装诱导轮可有效地解决该问题。现阶段的诱导轮设计更加依赖设计者的经验,同时设计过程中忽略了热力学效应对其性能的影响。因此,减少设计过程中对经验参数的依赖性,提高诱导轮设计过程的可控性,探讨热力学效应对诱导轮性能的影响显得尤为重要。本文结合轴流泵相关研究,在原有设计方法基础上,引入环量分布,完成诱导轮水力设计,通过数值模拟计算,研究其内部流动特性和空化特性,并通过改变流体介质,探讨热力学效应对泵性能的影响。本文研究内容如下:1.以基本流动方程为基础,根据径向平衡方程,给出了四种不同类型环量分布规律,并推导出相应的轴面速度分布,为水力设计提供理论依据。2.基于热力学克拉珀龙-克劳修斯方程,结合空化过程中热量转化,推导出热力学物性参数对诱导轮空化的影响,并分别以常温清水和低温LNG为工作介质,求解热力学效应对诱导轮空化的具体影响。3.在原有设计方法基础上,引入非线性环量分布理论,控制不同叶高处叶片进出口安放角,同时通过方程联立转化,减少设计过程中经验参数的选取,将设计选取经验参数转为验证参数,进而完成诱导轮水力设计。4.采用PRO/E对设计的诱导轮、原诱导轮、离心轮和蜗壳进行三维造型,并按照一定的轴向间距和周向时序位置进行装配。通过ANSYS软件,以常温清水为介质,进行定常数值模拟,计算结果表明,相较于原型诱导轮,新型诱导轮叶片表面静压分布梯度更显著,环量分布对泵扬程影响不大,但对泵效率有一定的影响。5.以常温清水为介质,对两种模型泵进行空化数值模拟。计算结果发现,新型泵空化性能较原型泵有了很大的提高,通过对空化发生前后叶片表面空泡体积分数的分析,发现诱导轮可以提高泵汽蚀性能的主要原因在于其为离心轮入口提供的富余能量,其本身空化并不会对离心轮造成影响。并通过分析诱导轮出口至离心轮入口过渡段空泡分布的发展规律,发现过渡段内的压力提升有效抑制了诱导轮空化所产生的空泡进一步发展。6.用LNG替代常温清水,对新型泵进行空化数值模拟。计算结果表明,热力学效应对泵空化有一定的抑制作用,但在利用以清水介质基础上设计出的泵,在以LNG为流体介质时,泵空化性能有所下降。
[Abstract]:Cryogenic liquefaction effectively solves the problems of inconvenient transportation and storage of natural gas. In the process, LNG pump becomes a key tool for conveying fluid. Cavitation of cryogenic liquid greatly affects the stable operation of the unit. This problem can be solved effectively by adding inducer wheel. At present, the design of inducer wheel depends more on the designer's experience, and the influence of thermodynamic effect on its performance is neglected in the design process. It is very important to reduce the dependence of the experience parameters in the design process, to improve the controllability of the design process of the inducer wheel, and to discuss the influence of the thermodynamic effect on the performance of the inducer wheel. In this paper, combined with the related research of the axial flow pump, on the basis of the original design method, The hydrodynamic design of the inducer was completed by introducing the distribution of the annular volume. The internal flow and cavitation characteristics were studied by numerical simulation, and the fluid medium was changed. The effect of thermodynamic effect on pump performance is discussed. The main contents of this paper are as follows: 1. Based on the basic flow equation and the radial equilibrium equation, the distribution laws of four different types of rings are given, and the corresponding axial velocity distribution is deduced. Based on the Clipperon-Clausius equation of thermodynamics and the heat transfer during cavitation, the influence of thermodynamic physical parameters on the induced wheel cavitation is deduced. The specific effect of thermodynamic effect on induced wheel cavitation is solved by using water at room temperature and LNG at low temperature as working media respectively. Based on the original design method, the nonlinear ring distribution theory is introduced to control the blade inlet and outlet angle of different blade heights. At the same time, through simultaneous transformation of equations to reduce the selection of empirical parameters in the design process, the design selection of empirical parameters into validation parameters, and then completed the hydraulic design of the inducer. 4. Using PRO/E to design the inducer wheel, the original inducer wheel, The centrifugal wheel and volute are modeled in three dimensions and assembled according to certain axial spacing and circumferential time sequence position. The steady numerical simulation is carried out by using ANSYS software, using clear water at room temperature as the medium. The calculation results show that, compared with the prototype induction wheel, The hydrostatic pressure distribution gradient on the surface of the new inducer blade is more significant, and the ring distribution has little effect on the pump head, but it has a certain effect on the pump efficiency. 5. The cavitation numerical simulation of the two kinds of model pumps is carried out using water at room temperature as the medium. The cavitation performance of the new type pump is greatly improved than that of the prototype pump. The cavitation volume fraction of the vane surface before and after cavitation is analyzed. It is found that the main reason why the inducer can improve the cavitation performance of the pump lies in the excess energy it provides to the inlet of the centrifugal wheel. The cavitation itself does not affect the centrifugal wheel, and the cavitation distribution of the transition section from the inducer exit to the inlet of the centrifugal wheel is analyzed. It is found that the pressure rise in the transition section effectively inhibits the further development of cavitation generated by induced wheel cavitation. The cavitation numerical simulation of the new pump is carried out using LNG instead of room temperature clean water. The thermodynamic effect can inhibit the cavitation of the pump to some extent, but the cavitation performance of the pump designed on the basis of the clear water medium is decreased when LNG is used as the fluid medium.
【学位授予单位】：江苏大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：TE974.1

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