石油管线阴极保护检测系统硬件设计探究

发布时间：2018-03-22 03:27

本文选题：石油管线　切入点：阴极保护　出处：《西安电子科技大学》2015年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：安全生产关系着国家稳定发展、国家财产以及职工生命安全,环境腐蚀与设备老化问题是威胁安全生产的永恒主题。石油管线埋藏地下,腐蚀问题更是常年累月,不同地质对其影响千差万别,从而使得防护检测尤为重要。国家对石油、石化和化工安全生产逐步重视,现代化的互联网技术与管线的监控技术相结合已成为安全发展的必经之路。随着对阴极保护系统研究的深入,国内外现已形成了共识,通电电位无法准确评价阴极保护的真正效果,只有断电电位才能将其准确评价出来。我国现有的采集系统断电电位的方法,通常是预先设置通电与断电方式,然后由专业人员沿石油管线进行专门电位测试。这种方法在实际应用中存在很多弊端。主要问题在于,一、测量需要大量的人力物力和时间;二、测量数据存在舞弊的可能;三、数据量大,汇总困难。因此这种方法很难实现大规模、经常性的测量。本文针对测量过程中存在的以上问题,提出了一套具有中国特色的石油管线阴极保护检测系统,开发出一套包括客户端、服务器、手机端以及硬件设备在内的完备的测量产品,解决了数据的保密性与完整性问题,实现对石油管道的全面监控。产品的实现减少了员工的重复工作,提高了员工的工作效率,避免了数据伪造的可能,做到了数据的统一管理,对于阴极保护系统的维护具有十分重要的作用与深刻的意义。文中重点介绍硬件设备的开发与实现,包括硬件电路和软件程序部分。为了设备的广泛使用,硬件设备包括断流控制器、在线测量仪、人工巡线仪三类。其中,断流控制器的使用,解决了测试过程中频繁拆卸设备和修改测试模式带来的各种问题;在线测量仪的使用,解决了因环境恶劣而难以人工完成测量造成的数据缺失伪造等问题;人工巡线仪的使用,降低了资金的投入。三类设备组成了石油管线阴极保护检测系统的硬件系统,系统结合先进的互联网技术、电子测量与数据采集技术、网路通信技术以及管线监控技术,以GPRS网络为信道进行数据传输,可以精确测量出管道上的电流、电压值,可靠地接收和分析服务器指令并反馈测量数据。根据测量点到测试桩的距离、电压测量值和电流测量值的差异,可以方便地评估石油管线的保护效果。该系统不仅可以应用在石油管线的监测上,也可以应用于煤炭行业、环保、水利、交通、安防等行业,应用范围十分广泛。另外系统尚存在很多不足之处,系统的人机交互尚需完善,待机时间尚有开发空间,通讯协议还可以加以简化,系统的安全性还有待提高。这需要我们继续研究和借鉴其他方案,进一步测试和完善系统的不足。
[Abstract]:Safety production relates to the steady development of the country, the life safety of national property and workers, the environmental corrosion and the aging of equipment are the eternal themes that threaten the safe production. The oil pipeline buried underground, the corrosion problem is a perennial problem. The influence of different geology on it is very different, which makes the protection detection especially important. The country gradually attaches importance to the safety production of petroleum, petrochemical and chemical industry. The combination of modern Internet technology and pipeline monitoring technology has become the only way to develop safely. With the deep research of cathodic protection system, there has been a consensus at home and abroad. The real effect of cathodic protection can not be accurately evaluated by electric potential, which can only be accurately evaluated by power off potential. This method has many disadvantages in the practical application. The main problems are: first, the measurement needs a lot of manpower and material resources and time, second, the measurement data exists the possibility of fraud; Third, the amount of data is large and the collection is difficult. Therefore, this method is difficult to realize large-scale and regular measurement. In view of the above problems in the process of measurement, a set of oil pipeline cathodic protection detection system with Chinese characteristics is put forward in this paper. Develop a set of complete measurement products including client, server, mobile phone and hardware, which solve the problem of confidentiality and integrity of data. The realization of the product reduces the repeated work of the staff, improves the working efficiency of the staff, avoids the possibility of data falsification, and achieves the unified management of the data. This paper mainly introduces the development and implementation of hardware equipment, including hardware circuit and software program. There are three kinds of hardware equipments, such as disconnection controller, on-line measuring instrument and manual line patrol instrument, among which, the use of disconnection controller solves various problems caused by frequent disassembly of equipment and modification of test mode during testing, and the use of on-line measuring instrument, It solves the problems of data loss and forgery caused by the difficult manual measurement due to the bad environment, the use of the manual line patrol instrument reduces the investment of funds, and three kinds of equipment constitute the hardware system of the oil pipeline cathodic protection detection system. The system combines advanced Internet technology, electronic measurement and data acquisition technology, network communication technology and pipeline monitoring technology, using GPRS network as the channel to carry out data transmission, which can accurately measure the current and voltage values on the pipeline. Reliably receive and analyze server instructions and feedback measurement data. According to the distance from the measuring point to the test pile, the difference between the voltage measurement value and the current measurement value, The system can be applied not only to the monitoring of oil pipelines, but also to the coal industry, environmental protection, water conservancy, transportation, security, etc. The application scope is very extensive. In addition, there are still many deficiencies in the system, the man-machine interaction of the system needs to be perfected, the standby time is still open to development, and the communication protocol can be simplified. The security of the system needs to be improved, which requires us to continue to study and learn from other schemes to further test and improve the system's shortcomings.
【学位授予单位】：西安电子科技大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：TE988.2

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