南海油气钻井平台遥感提取研究

发布时间：2018-03-23 03:12

本文选题：南海　切入点：油气钻井平台　出处：《南京大学》2015年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：随着陆地油气储量日益减少而人类需求不断增加,海洋油气资源开发已成为国际趋势。南海油气资源丰富,是我国未来重要的能源基地,关乎我国海洋权益维护、资源能源战略和区域和平发展。目前,南海油气资源开发已成为各方战略利益冲突的重心,越南、马来西亚、菲律宾等国先后将油气开采范围深入我国海疆线内,严重威胁我国的能源安全和主权完整。因此,针对南海油气资源争端日益加剧、南海油气钻井平台空间信息研究匮乏等现象,研究在多源遥感影像的支持下,通过时间序列影像策略和分层筛选策略,基于油气钻井平台位置不变特征和大小不变特征,实现了南海油气钻井平台空间位置信息的自动提取。以期能够快速、及时、准确地掌握南海海域油气资源开发状况,为我国海洋油气勘探、海洋环境管理和海洋安全维护提供技术支持和决策辅助。研究的主要内容包括:(1)针对油气钻井平台在DMSP/OLS夜间灯光数据上的上下文特征,采用高斯滤波、均值滤波及阈值提取等方法,提取油气钻井平台区域,并在提取结果的引导下确定油气钻井平台位置靶区,指导相关数据的收集。(2)通过对Landsat-8 OLI遥感影像进行辐射定标和增强处理,采用时间序列影像策略和分层筛选策略,基于油气钻井平台位置不变特征和大小不变特征排除舰船、云等虚警,提取南海油气钻井平台空间位置信息;通过陆地掩膜排除陆上和近岸虚警,实现南海油气钻井平台空间位置信息的自动提取。经验证,提取精度为漏判率3.8%,误判率低于1%。(3)在时间序列影像支持下,结合高分影像上的形态特征,以及英国海洋数据中心(British Oceanographic Data Centre,BODC)提供的水深数据,对南海油气钻井平台的年龄、类型、深度等特征进行提取,从而建立南海全覆盖的油气钻井平台空间和属性特征数据集。研究结果表明:(1)研究共提取南海油气钻井平台1075个。其中,中国60个,越南125个,菲律宾13个,泰国306个,马来西亚341个,印尼32个,文莱129个,越南-泰国-柬埔寨争议区33个,泰-马海上共同开发区有25个,马-越大陆架边界区有11个。(2)到2014年,越南、马来西亚等国家共有60个钻井平台位于我国海疆线内,对我国南海油气资源进行非法开采。其中,越南自1999年起深入我国海域内进行油气资源非法开采,共建有5个油气钻井平台;马来西亚早在1992年就已经在我国海域建设了 9个油气钻井平台,到2014年增加至55个。(3)1992年之前南海海域共有油气钻井平台233个,2014年增加至1075个。南海油气钻井平台包括725个小型平台,171个大型平台,84个复杂结构式平台和95个钻井浮船。南海周边国家的油气资源勘探开发多在浅海中进行,有99%的平台位于浅海海域(500 m),其中1037个平台作业水深小于100 m,31个介于101-500 m之间;2005年后出现深海(501-1500 m)油气钻井平台7个。
[Abstract]:With the decrease of terrestrial oil and gas reserves and the increasing human demand, the exploitation of offshore oil and gas resources has become an international trend. The South China Sea is rich in oil and gas resources and is an important energy base in the future of China, which is related to the protection of marine rights and interests in China. Resource and energy strategy and regional peaceful development. At present, the exploitation of oil and gas resources in the South China Sea has become the focus of strategic conflicts of interest of all parties. Vietnam, Malaysia, the Philippines and other countries have successively penetrated the oil and gas exploitation scope into the maritime boundary line of our country. The energy security and sovereignty integrity of China are seriously threatened. Therefore, in view of the increasingly serious disputes over oil and gas resources in the South China Sea and the lack of spatial information research on oil and gas drilling platforms in the South China Sea, the research is supported by multi-source remote sensing images. Through time series image strategy and stratified screening strategy, based on the invariant location and size invariant features of oil and gas drilling platform, the automatic extraction of spatial location information of oil and gas drilling platform in the South China Sea is realized in order to be quick and timely. To accurately grasp the status of oil and gas resources development in the South China Sea, in order to facilitate the exploration of offshore oil and gas in China, Marine environmental management and marine safety maintenance provide technical support and decision support. The main contents of the research include: (1) aiming at the contextual features of oil and gas drilling platforms on DMSP/OLS night lighting data, Gao Si filter is used. The mean filter and threshold extraction are used to extract the oil and gas drilling platform area, and under the guidance of the extraction results, the location target area of the oil and gas drilling platform is determined. Through radiometric calibration and enhancement of Landsat-8 OLI remote sensing images, time series image strategy and stratified screening strategy are adopted to exclude ships based on invariant location and size invariant features of oil and gas drilling platform. The spatial location information of oil and gas drilling platform in the South China Sea is extracted by cloud false alarm, and the spatial position information of oil and gas drilling platform in the South China Sea is automatically extracted by eliminating false alarm on land and near shore through land mask. With the support of time series images, combining with the morphological characteristics of high score images and the water depth data provided by British Oceanographic Data Centre BODC, the age and type of oil and gas drilling platforms in the South China Sea are studied. The data set of spatial and attribute features of oil and gas drilling platforms with full coverage in the South China Sea is established. The results show that 1075 oil and gas drilling platforms in the South China Sea have been extracted from the study, including 60 in China and 125 in Vietnam. The Philippines 13, Thailand 306, Malaysia 341, Indonesia 32, Brunei 129, Vietnam-Thailand-Cambodia 33, Thailand-Malaysia Sea Joint Development Zone 25, Malaysia-Vietnam Continental Shelf Boundary 11. Malaysia and other countries have a total of 60 drilling platforms located in China's maritime boundary line, carrying out illegal exploitation of oil and gas resources in the South China Sea. Among them, Vietnam has been carrying out illegal exploitation of oil and gas resources in the waters of China since 1999. Malaysia has built nine oil and gas drilling platforms in the waters of China as early as 1992. The total number of oil and gas drilling platforms in the South China Sea increased to 1075 in 2014, up from 233 before 1992. There are 725 small platforms, 171 large platforms, 84 complex structural platforms and 95 drilling wells in the South China Sea. Floating vessels. Exploration and development of oil and gas resources in the surrounding countries of the South China Sea are mostly carried out in shallow waters. 99% of the platforms are located in the shallow sea area, of which 1037 platforms have a water depth of less than 100m, and 31 platforms are between 101-500m. After 2005, 7 oil and gas drilling platforms have appeared in the deep sea area of 501-1500m.
【学位授予单位】：南京大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：TE951

【相似文献】