高含硫气田集气站风险评价技术研究

发布时间：2018-03-29 02:30

本文选题：高含硫气田集气站　切入点：故障树分析　出处：《西南石油大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：随着高含硫气田大规模的开发,集气站场作为整个天然气管道输送的第一道枢纽,集气站场内设备林立,各种管道交错,阀门众多是高含硫气田地面集输系统的重要组成部分,也是高含硫气田地面集输工程的主要枢纽。由于站内输送介质具有强腐蚀性和强毒性的特殊性,所以是高风险存在和集中的场所。因各气井产出的高含硫天然气在集气站内一般不做脱水、脱硫处理,虽然管线采用抗硫钢材,但长时间的高温、高压、高含硫必然对集气站内设备和管线会造成一定的腐蚀和损坏,所以集气站的安全、平稳的运行,是整个高含硫气田生产的关键环节。故对高含硫气田集气站建立风险评价技术研究,能够预防和降低集气站场安全事故,加强站场设备管理和维护,更是节约运营成本的有效方法。本文采用安全系统工程“人—机—环境”的系统分析方法,结合高含硫气田集气站的特性,将高含硫气田集气站分为人子系统、设备子系统、环境子系统对影响高含硫气田集气站的安全因素进行了全面分析。通过高含硫气田集气站故障统计分析,将其分为压力容器区、压力管道区、站内阀门区、安全仪表区四个风险区块,从而进行故障树分析并建立指标体系。利用改进灰色层次分析法确定风险因素权重,运用模糊综合评价计算失效可能性。主要从人员伤亡、直接经济损失、无形损失三个方面进行后果的综合评价,借鉴APl581风险矩阵的原理划分集气站风险等级。根据已经建立的高含硫气田集气站风险评价技术的方法对普光气田P302集气站进行风险评价实例验证。从而形成了一套进行高含硫气田集气站风险评价的理论和方法。本文取得的主要研究成果：首先,将安全系统工程“人—机—环境”的系统分析方法引入到高含硫气田集气站风险评价体系中,对集气站的风险因素进行整体系统分析；其次,运用灰色理论和改进层次法分别对传统层次分析法中的比较矩阵和一致性两方面进行改造,形成了改进灰色层次分析法,使风险因素权重的确定更加科学合理；最后,因为高含硫气田集气站的输送的天然气和H2S的混合气体,借鉴APl581发生泄漏时潜在影响区域的计算方法,将其换算为天然气和H2S,计算出两种气体的潜在影响区域,并相加得到总的潜在影响区域。
[Abstract]:With the large-scale development of high sulfur gas field, the gas gathering station is the first hub of the whole natural gas pipeline transportation. The gas gathering station has numerous equipments in the gas gathering station, various pipelines are staggered, and numerous valves are important components of the surface gathering and transportation system of the high sulfur gas field. It is also the main hub of surface gathering and transportation engineering in high sulfur gas fields. Due to the particularity of strong corrosivity and strong toxicity in the transportation medium in the station, So it is a place where high risk exists and centralizes. Because the high sulfur natural gas produced by each gas well does not do dehydration and desulfurization treatment in the gas gathering station, although the pipeline uses sulfur-resistant steel, it has a long period of high temperature and high pressure. The high sulfur content will inevitably cause certain corrosion and damage to the equipment and pipelines in the gas gathering station, so the gas collection station will operate safely and smoothly. It is a key link in the production of high sulfur gas fields. Therefore, the establishment of risk assessment technology for gas gathering stations in high sulfur gas fields can prevent and reduce the safety accidents of gas gathering stations and strengthen the management and maintenance of station equipment. It is also an effective way to save operation cost. In this paper, the system analysis method of safety system engineering "man-machine-environment" is adopted, and combined with the characteristics of gas gathering station in high sulfur gas field, the gas collecting station of high sulfur gas field is divided into man subsystem and equipment subsystem. The environmental subsystem has carried on the comprehensive analysis to the influence high sulfur gas field gas gathering station safety factor, through the high sulfur gas field gas gathering station fault statistics analysis, divides it into the pressure vessel area, the pressure pipeline area, the station valve area, the pressure vessel area, the pressure pipeline area, the station valve area, Four risk blocks in the safety instrument area are used to analyze the fault tree and establish the index system. The weight of risk factors is determined by using the improved grey analytic hierarchy process (AHP), and the failure possibility is calculated by fuzzy comprehensive evaluation. Direct economic losses, intangible losses, three aspects of the comprehensive evaluation of the consequences, Based on the principle of APl581 risk matrix, the risk grade of gas collecting station is divided. According to the established method of risk evaluation of gas gathering station in high sulfur gas field, the risk evaluation example of P302 gas gathering station in Puguang gas field is verified. Thus, an example of risk evaluation of P302 gas gathering station in Puguang gas field is formed. The theory and method of risk evaluation for gas gathering station in high sulfur gas field. The main research results obtained in this paper are as follows: firstly, the system analysis method of "man-machine-environment" is introduced into the risk assessment system of gas gathering station in high-sulfur gas field, and the risk factors of gas gathering station are analyzed systematically. Secondly, the comparison matrix and consistency of traditional analytic hierarchy process are reformed by using grey theory and improved hierarchy process, which makes the weight of risk factors more scientific and reasonable. Because the mixture of natural gas and H _ 2S transported at the gas collecting station of high-sulfur gas field can be converted into natural gas and H _ 2S by using the calculation method of potential influence area when APl581 leak occurs, the potential influence area of two kinds of gas can be calculated. And add up to the total potential area of influence.
【学位授予单位】：西南石油大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：TE863

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