防垢抽油泵的研究与开发

发布时间：2018-03-29 06:32

本文选题：抽油泵　切入点：泵效　出处：《东北石油大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：随着油田的不断开采,国内大部分油田进入高含水期。为提高原油采收率、增加可采储量,三元复合驱油技术已成为重要技术手段之一。由于聚合物、表面活性剂、及碱(NaOH)的注入,三元复合驱溶液发生不同的化学变化和不同的物理变化,从而导致一些离子结合后在水中会形成一些的物质。随着地壳中pH值、压力、温度等化学条件与热力学条件的改变而结晶析出,这些不溶、难溶以及微溶物质最终形成了成分极其复杂的三元复合驱垢。结垢使抽油泵出现流道阻流的现象,抽油泵检修周期越来越短,严重影响了油田开发综合经济效益的提高。本文在国内外油井防垢技术研究的基础上,从改进泵结构方面入手,设计新型防垢泵。为油田延长检泵周期、降低生产成本、提高生产效率提供依据。本文主要进行以下研究:利用计算流体动力学中的FLUENT软件,建立了井下抽油泵柱塞二维模型,利用动网格技术,对模型进行了瞬态数值模拟、仿真分析,通过分析得出抽油泵泵效随着柱塞长度增加而提高,随着柱塞与泵筒间隙的增大而降低,相同长度和间隙等级,泵筒直径越大泵效越高。针对原始柱塞泵出现流道阻流、抽油杆振动的现象,改进后将出油口探出柱塞,大大减小下冲程的阻力。在考虑阻力和强度的情况下,增大出油口宽度,改进后的结构通过试验,没有出现阻流现象。为解决柱塞从泵筒中完全拉出,进入到直径更大的短接中抽油杆由于压力突然变化造成振动的问题,将柱塞下端加工成圆锥,从而使柱塞在拔出过程中抽油杆压差均匀降低。通过对柱塞运动过程进行仿真分析,得到压差变化与柱塞尾部锥度尺寸、抽油泵尺寸、抽油泵工况的关系。从工程实践中考虑,为了减小振动,应尽量使柱塞尾部锥度小、长度大;大直径的泵、小间隙的泵振动更大,应采用尺寸更长、锥度更小的尾椎;速度越大、粘度越小振动更大,尾椎长度应更长、锥度更小。
[Abstract]:With the continuous exploitation of oil fields, most oil fields in China have entered a high water-cut period. In order to improve oil recovery and increase recoverable reserves, ASP flooding technology has become one of the important technical means. With the injection of NaOH), different chemical and physical changes take place in the solution of ASP flooding, which results in the formation of some substances in water after the binding of some ions. The change of chemical and thermodynamic conditions such as temperature resulted in crystallization and precipitation. These insoluble, insoluble and micro-soluble substances eventually formed an extremely complex ternary compound scale displacement, which caused the flow obstruction of the pumping pump to occur. The overhaul period of oil well pump is getting shorter and shorter, which seriously affects the improvement of comprehensive economic benefit of oilfield development. Based on the research of scale prevention technology in oil wells at home and abroad, this paper starts with improving pump structure. A new anti-scaling pump is designed, which provides the basis for prolonging the period of testing pump, reducing production cost and improving production efficiency. The main research in this paper is as follows: using FLUENT software in computational fluid dynamics, a two-dimensional model of plunger for downhole pumping pump is established. The transient numerical simulation and simulation analysis of the model are carried out by using the dynamic grid technology. The results show that the pump efficiency increases with the increase of plunger length, decreases with the increase of plunger and pump cylinder clearance, and is of the same length and clearance grade. The greater the diameter of the pump cylinder, the higher the efficiency of the pump. In view of the flow resistance of the original piston pump and the vibration of the sucker rod, the oil outlet will be detected out of the plunger after the improvement, which greatly reduces the resistance of the lower stroke. Considering the resistance and strength, In order to solve the problem of the plunger being completely pulled out from the pump cylinder and entering the sucker rod with larger diameter, the sucker rod will vibrate because of the sudden change of pressure. The lower end of the plunger is processed into a cone, so that the differential pressure of the sucker rod decreases uniformly during the pull-out process. Through the simulation analysis of the plunger movement process, the variation of the pressure difference, the taper size of the plunger tail and the size of the pump are obtained. Considering from engineering practice, in order to reduce vibration, the tail taper of plunger should be small and the length should be large, the pump with large diameter and small clearance should have bigger vibration, and the tailbone with longer size and smaller taper should be adopted. The greater the speed, the smaller the viscosity and vibration, the longer the length of the tail vertebrae and the smaller the taper.
【学位授予单位】：东北石油大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：TE933.3

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