提高加热炉热效率方法研究和应用

发布时间：2018-03-29 18:26

本文选题：加热炉　切入点：热效率　出处：《东北石油大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：加热炉烟气含氧量的大小是衡量一台加热炉燃烧好坏的重要参数之一,它直接影响到加热炉效率的高低、能源消耗的多少。加热炉烟气含氧量增加,说明进入炉内的过剩空气多。在排烟中,大量的过剩空气将热量带走排入大气,使加热炉热损失增多,热效率下降。加热炉燃烧过程中,由于燃料的构成及热负荷随季节的变化较大,加热炉燃烧所需空气量也相应发生变化,进而影响到加热炉烟气含氧量及过剩空气系数的变化,这一变化对对加热炉排烟热损失、化学不完全燃烧热损失和热效率都有很大的影响。燃烧器燃烧过程中调节负荷的被控制参量主要是燃气流量和助燃空气流量,空气流量系数过大,将会引起火焰温度降低,热损失增加,并且造成炉膛和加热管的氧化烧损;空气流量系数过小,则会导致燃料不完全燃烧,达不到燃烧的工艺要求,同时烟气中残留大量的可燃气和一氧化碳,不但造成废气化学热损失,浪费能源,还会严重污染环境、腐蚀设备,若烟气不能及时排除,还存在爆炸的安全隐患。因此,空气和燃气在燃烧时的比例控制是整个燃烧过程控制的核心。研究利用监测装置对烟气中的含氧量进行连续、准确、稳定的测定,并根据监测数据,在热负荷变动的动态过程中利用改造后的燃烧器控制装置实现对空气与燃料的动态配比进行自动调节和优化控制,达到将烟气中的含氧量控制在最佳范围内,从而有效提高加热炉热效率的目的。论文选择管道输油处GS站2#加热炉进行改造。管道输油处目前共有管式加热炉8台,承担着为管输原油加热的任务。由于A油田原油凝点高,原油输送站间距较长,加热炉的输油生产中起着非常重要的作用。课题在完成前期资料准备、技术论证,相关软件开发和相关装置加工制造工作、现场安装调试后,在管道输油处GS站2#加热炉实施并投入运行,经过近半年的运行,改造后的燃烧器及相关监测、控制系统运行正常、稳定。
[Abstract]:The oxygen content of flue gas is one of the important parameters to measure the combustion of a heating furnace. It directly affects the efficiency of the furnace, the amount of energy consumption, and the increase of oxygen content in the flue gas of the heating furnace. It shows that there is much excess air entering the furnace. In the exhaust smoke, a large amount of excess air takes the heat away into the atmosphere and causes the heat loss of the furnace to increase and the heat efficiency to decrease. Because the composition of fuel and heat load vary greatly with the season, the amount of air needed for combustion of reheating furnace changes accordingly, which affects the change of oxygen content of flue gas and excess air coefficient of reheating furnace, which will affect the heat loss of exhaust smoke of reheating furnace. The heat loss and thermal efficiency of chemical incomplete combustion are greatly affected. The controlled parameters of the controlled load in the combustion process are mainly the gas flow rate and the combustion air flow rate. If the air flow coefficient is too large, the flame temperature will decrease. Increased heat loss and oxidative burning of furnace and heating tubes; if the air flow coefficient is too small, it will lead to incomplete combustion of fuel, which will not meet the requirements of the combustion process, and at the same time, a large amount of gas and carbon monoxide will remain in the flue gas, It will not only cause chemical heat loss of exhaust gas, waste energy, but also seriously pollute the environment and corrode equipment. If the smoke can not be removed in time, there will be a hidden danger of explosion. The proportional control of air and gas during combustion is the core of the control of the whole combustion process. This paper studies the continuous, accurate and stable determination of oxygen content in flue gas by using the monitoring device, and according to the monitoring data, In the dynamic process of heat load change, the modified burner control device is used to realize the automatic adjustment and optimization control of the dynamic ratio of air to fuel, so that the oxygen content in the flue gas can be controlled within the optimum range. In order to improve the thermal efficiency of heating furnace effectively, the paper chooses GS station of pipeline oil transportation to rebuild heating furnace at 2#. At present, there are 8 tubular reheating furnaces in pipeline oil pipeline. Taking on the task of heating crude oil for pipeline transportation. Due to the high condensing point of crude oil in oilfield A and the long distance between crude oil transportation stations, the heating furnace plays a very important role in oil transportation production. The related software development and the related equipment processing and manufacturing work, the spot installs the debugging, implements and puts into operation in the pipeline oil transportation place GS station 2# heating furnace, after nearly half a year operation, after the revamping burner and the related monitoring, the control system runs normally. Stability.
【学位授予单位】：东北石油大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：TE97

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