废润滑油再生工艺现状与发展

发布时间：2018-04-01 16:46

本文选题：废润滑油　切入点：加氢精制　出处：《东北石油大学》2016年硕士论文

【摘要】：在最开始的几年,人们对废润滑油并没有充分的认识,认为废润滑油是一种废物,所以经常被丢弃或者烧掉,这造成了极大的浪费。近几年来,石油资源正在逐渐减少。石油在生活生产方面占有着举足轻重的作用,然而通过石油生产得到的润滑油产率很低。其中以高粘度重质润滑油为首,通过加工只能得到加工原油的百分之几。从原油中提炼润滑油产品,通常要经过常丙烷脱沥青、减压蒸馏、电脱盐脱水、溶剂精制、溶剂脱蜡或加氢精制、白土补充精致或调和添加剂、加氢补充精致等许多套工艺装置的加工,才能生产粗润滑油产品来。生产润滑油投资建设巨大,加工过程也颇为复杂,设备种类繁多,而且生产工序多,所以,在短时间内,润滑油生产不容易迅速增加产量。润滑油的原料十分宝贵,加工生产也非易事,所以对于润滑油再生应提高重视程度。通过不断再生精制废润滑油,可以达到变废为宝,节约能源,并且将石油资源的价值发挥到最大,最重要的是可以减少环境污染,防止土壤,水域和空气的污染程度,给社会产生重大的社会效益、生态效益和经济效益。因此使用合理的废润滑油再生技术,选择适当的催化剂已经成为国内外处理废润滑油的重要研究方向和科研领域。目前国内外已经研究出许多再生精制废润滑油的工艺技术,在工艺特点,工艺技术和经济效益等方面各有不同。本文列出了国内外具有代表性的废润滑油再生工艺,并分析了各个工艺的特点。如,硫酸-白土工艺作为精制润滑油最初的工艺,其具有生产成本低,设备简单的优点,但是严重污染环境。加氢精制工艺在国外用途广泛,具有污染小等优点,但是制备工艺高,所需金额大,并不适合国内发展。溶剂精制工艺的工艺技术较低,所需金额也较小,较为适合我国国情,可以在我国发展其工艺。除此之外还有絮凝工艺、膜技术处理工艺、微波加热处理等工艺再生精制废润滑油。这些工艺均有其优点和短板,适用于不同废润滑油的再生精制。
[Abstract]:In the first few years, people did not fully understand the waste lubricating oil as a kind of waste oil, so it was often discarded or burned, which caused a great waste in recent years. Oil resources are gradually decreasing. Oil plays an important role in daily production. However, oil production through oil production is very low. Only a few percent of the processed crude oil can be obtained by processing. Oil products extracted from crude oil are usually deasphalted by ordinary propane, distilled under pressure, desalinated and dehydrated by electric desalination, solvent refining, solvent dewaxing or hydrofining. The production of crude lubricating oil products can only be produced through the processing of many sets of technological units, such as refined or blended additives, refined hydrogenation and so on. The production of lubricating oil has a huge investment in construction, the processing process is also quite complex, and there are various types of equipment. Moreover, there are many production processes, so it is not easy to increase the output of lubricating oil in a short period of time. The raw materials of lubricating oil are very valuable, and processing and production is not easy. Therefore, we should pay more attention to the regeneration of lubricating oil. By constantly regenerating and refining waste lubricating oil, we can turn waste into a treasure, save energy, and maximize the value of oil resources. The most important thing is to reduce environmental pollution. To prevent the pollution of soil, water and air, and to bring great social, ecological and economic benefits to society. The selection of appropriate catalysts has become an important research direction and research field in the treatment of waste lubricating oil at home and abroad. At present, many technologies of regenerating and refining waste lubricating oil have been developed at home and abroad. The process technology and economic benefit are different. This paper lists the typical waste lubricating oil regeneration process at home and abroad, and analyzes the characteristics of each process. For example, the sulfuric acid-clay process is the initial process for refining lubricating oil. It has the advantages of low production cost and simple equipment, but seriously pollutes the environment. The hydrofining process is widely used in foreign countries and has the advantages of low pollution, but the preparation process is high and the amount of money needed is large. It is not suitable for domestic development. The process technology of solvent refining process is relatively low and the amount of money required is also relatively small. It is more suitable for the national conditions of our country and can be developed in our country. In addition, there are flocculation processes and membrane technology treatment processes. These processes have their advantages and disadvantages and are suitable for the regeneration and refining of different waste lubricating oils.
【学位授予单位】：东北石油大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：TE626.3

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