离子液体结构对辅助溶剂萃取油砂沥青影响规律的研究

发布时间：2018-04-03 09:18

本文选题：油砂　切入点：离子液体结构　出处：《天津大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：石油等化石能源的消耗量与日俱增,尤其美国近几年的页岩气革命极大地改变了世界能源结构格局,油砂、页岩气等非常规能源的开发势在必行。油砂储量丰富,但因传统的热碱水洗法耗水量大、尾矿水难处理,急需开发新型分离工艺。近几年有学者使用离子液体辅助溶剂油砂分离沥青,其优势突出,但系统研究不同类型离子液体对萃取效果的影响还是空白。本文研究了在甲苯和丙酮/正庚烷复合溶剂两种溶剂在萃取沥青时,不同操作条件对固体颗粒夹带的影响。通过对沥青进行红外光谱分析,发现在离心转速为7000rpm以下时,甲苯萃取所得沥青中SiO2及高岭土吸收峰明显,而丙酮/正庚烷复合溶剂当离心转速大约300rpm时,都未发现SiO2及高龄土吸收峰。采用6种1-烷基-3-甲基咪唑四氟硼酸盐、4种1-烷基咪唑四氟硼酸盐、2种1-烷基-2,3二甲基咪唑四氟硼酸盐、2种咪唑型三氟甲磺酸盐和2种吡啶型四氟硼酸盐辅助丙酮/正庚烷复合溶剂和甲苯萃取油砂中沥青。结果表明,在用1-烷基-3甲基咪唑四氟硼酸盐辅助两种溶剂萃取沥青时,萃取率总体随一取代位上碳链长度增长而降低,另外实验结果显示,吡啶或者咪唑环上一取代位为正己基时,萃取率都低于单纯用丙酮/正庚烷对照实验组。6种离子液体辅助甲苯萃取时,在红外光谱下,未见SiO2等固体颗粒的吸收峰,说明在辅助甲苯萃取沥青过程中,ILs能有效的减少固体颗粒的夹带。使用的2种三氟甲磺酸盐离子液体在辅助分离时都会进入到沥青相中,污染离子液体,因此,在选取离子液体辅助溶剂萃取沥青时,需慎重选择阴离子为三氟甲磺酸的离子液体。得到一种离子液体[EIM][BF4]在辅助丙酮/正庚烷复合溶剂萃取沥青时,其其萃取率提高程度最大约为13%,且通过四组分分析发现,其主要是通过提高沥青质的萃取效率实现。实验结果表明,不同种类离子液体萃取辅助丙酮/正庚烷萃取所得沥青,其四组分分布不同,对比于仅用丙酮/正庚烷复合溶剂萃取所得沥青,[C6IM][BF4]辅助丙酮/正庚烷萃取所得沥青中,芳香份含量增加约10%,而胶质含量降低10%。通过原子力显微镜测试不同液相环境下SiO2和沥青之间相互作用,发现与0.1mM KCl水溶液比较,离子液体具有有效降低两者之间相互作用力的作用。
[Abstract]:The consumption of fossil energy such as petroleum is increasing day by day, especially the shale gas revolution in the United States in recent years has greatly changed the world energy structure, oil sand, shale gas and other unconventional energy development is imperative.Oil sand is rich in reserves, but it is urgent to develop a new separation process because of the large water consumption of traditional hot alkali water washing method and the difficulty in treating tailings.In recent years, some scholars have used ionic liquid auxiliary solvent oil sand to separate asphalt, but the systematic study on the influence of different kinds of ionic liquids on the extraction effect is still blank.In this paper, the effects of different operating conditions on the entrainment of solid particles in toluene and acetone / n-heptane complex solvents in the extraction of asphalt have been studied.By infrared spectrum analysis, it was found that the absorption peaks of SiO2 and kaolin in pitch extracted by toluene were obvious when the centrifugal speed was below 7000rpm, while the compound solvent of acetone and n-heptane was about 300rpm at centrifugal speed.No absorption peaks of SiO2 and aged soil were found.Six kinds of 1-alkyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborborate and four kinds of 1-alkyl imidazolium tetrafluoroborborate two kinds of 1-alkyl-2-dimethyl imidazolium tetrafluoroborborate and two kinds of pyridine tetrafluoroborborate were used to assist with trifluoromethyl sulfonate and two kinds of pyridine tetrafluoroborborate.Ketone / n-heptane solvent and toluene were used to extract bitumen from oil sand.The results show that the extraction rate decreases with the increase of the length of carbon chain in one substitution position when the bitumen is extracted with 1-alkyl -3 methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate, and the experimental results show that the extraction rate decreases with the increase of the length of carbon chain.When the substitution position of pyridine or imidazole ring is n-hexyl, the extraction rate is lower than that of acetone / n-heptane control group. There is no absorption peak of solid particles such as SiO2 in infrared spectra.It shows that ILs can effectively reduce the entrainment of solid particles in the process of auxiliary toluene extraction of asphalt.The two kinds of trifluoromethylsulfonate ionic liquids used in this paper will enter into the bitumen phase when they are separated by auxiliary separation, which will pollute the ionic liquids. Therefore, when selecting the ionic liquids as the auxiliary solvent to extract the bitumen,The anions should be carefully selected as ionic liquids of trifluoromethyl sulfonic acid.A kind of ionic liquid [EIM] [BF4] was obtained when the acetone / n-heptane compound solvent was used to extract bitumen, the maximum extraction efficiency was about 13%, and it was found by four-component analysis that it was mainly achieved by improving the extraction efficiency of asphaltene.The experimental results show that the four components of bitumen obtained by different ionic liquid extraction assisted acetone / n-heptane extraction have different distribution.Compared with the asphalt extracted only with acetone / n-heptane solvent, [C6IM] [BF4] assisted acetone / n-heptane extraction asphalt, the aromatic content increased about 10%, while the colloid content decreased by 10%.Atomic force microscopy (AFM) was used to measure the interaction between SiO2 and bitumen in different liquid phase environments. It was found that ionic liquids could effectively reduce the interaction forces between SiO2 and bitumen in comparison with 0.1mM KCl aqueous solution.
【学位授予单位】：天津大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：TE624;TQ413.2

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