石油钻井用水力振荡器的设计及分析

发布时间：2018-04-09 03:29

本文选题：石油钻井　切入点：水力振荡器　出处：《扬州大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：随着石油产品消耗量的逐年上升以及环保意识的日益增强,如何清洁、经济、高效地开采地下石油资源已经成为各国面临的主要问题。针对这个问题,各国在石油钻井手段上相继进行了技术开发。大斜度井、水平井及水平分支井等复杂结构井钻进技术应运而生,被大量的应用到了钻井工程中。这些技术的出现有效地提高了石油产量,降低了成本,同时有效地减少了环境污染。国内石油开采行业也广泛应用了大斜度井、水平井及水平分支井等复杂结构井技术,但在实际应用过程中却存在很多问题,时常出现托压、粘卡现象,特别是在滑动钻进过程中,由于井体斜度的原因钻柱重力很难转化为作用在钻头上的压力,不能给钻头施加有效的钻压,直接影响了钻进速度和钻井周期。本文针对上述出现的问题,研究开发了一种石油钻井用水力振荡器,该设备主要由阀门系统、动力部分和配套部分(振荡／弹簧短节)组成。整个设备依靠钻井液驱动,钻井液流经位于振荡器中的动力部分产生旋转运动,带动阀门系统工作,使钻井液流量发生变化从而产生振荡器内部压强变化,压强的变化作用于振荡器中的弹簧短节上产生温和的振荡力,并通过钻具传递给钻头。这种温和的振动可减少钻具在井壁上的摩擦,降低粘卡可能性,有效提高钻压,提升钻进速度,缩短钻井周期。振动频率作为设计中的一个关键指标,将决定水力振荡器的使用性能。而振动频率的大小是由动力部分的运动情况决定的。本文对动力部分中的主体——螺杆马达的运动特性展开了研究,从理论上研究分析了马达转子的运动规律,并运用ADAMS运动仿真对其展开了运动仿真分析,仿真分析分析结果与理论分析结果相吻合。与此同时,还运用Matlab中的Simulink模块对转子启动过程的动态特性进行了仿真,仿真结果表明,马达在0.01s之后将进入正常的工作状态。由于水力振荡器自身工作特点及工作环境的因素,它在工作过程中将会受到来自自身和外部的激励,可能会产生非目标振动,这种无效振动将极大影响设备的功能,降低使用性能和寿命。所以,对水力振荡器的振动特性进行研究就非常必要。模态分析作为研究结构的振动特性的方法己被广泛应用。本课题就应用这一方法对水力振荡器进行了分析,由分析结果可知,水力振荡器固有模态频率均偏离振荡器工作频率以及钻头工作频率,可以避开共振。同时通过对比水力振荡器自由模态和约束模态的结果,发现施加约束后,水力振荡器模态受到较大影响,振型和频率均发生明显变化。最后按照设计方案试制样机并试验,试验结果表明水力振荡器的工作压力及工作频率均达到设计要求。
[Abstract]:With the increasing consumption of petroleum products and the increasing awareness of environmental protection, how to clean, economically and efficiently exploit underground petroleum resources has become a major problem facing all countries.In view of this problem, various countries have carried on the technical development on the petroleum drilling means one after another.The drilling technology of complex structure wells, such as large deviated wells, horizontal wells and horizontal branching wells, has been widely used in drilling engineering.The emergence of these technologies has effectively increased oil production, reduced costs and effectively reduced environmental pollution.The technology of complex structure wells such as large deviated wells, horizontal wells and horizontal branching wells has been widely used in the domestic petroleum production industry. However, there are many problems in the practical application, such as holding pressure and sticking stuck.Especially in the process of sliding drilling, the drill string gravity is difficult to be converted into the pressure acting on the bit because of the deviation of the well body, so it can not exert effective drilling pressure on the drill bit, which directly affects the drilling speed and drilling cycle.In order to solve the above problems, a kind of hydraulic oscillator for oil drilling is developed in this paper. The equipment consists of valve system, power part and supporting part (oscillating / spring link).The whole equipment relies on drilling fluid to drive, the drilling fluid flows through the dynamic part in the oscillator to produce rotating motion, driving the valve system to work, so that the flow rate of the drilling fluid changes and the internal pressure of the oscillator changes.The variation of pressure acts on the spring segment of the oscillator to produce a mild oscillating force, which is transmitted to the drill through the drill tool.This mild vibration can reduce the friction of drilling tools on the shaft wall, reduce the possibility of sticking cards, effectively improve the drilling pressure, improve the drilling speed and shorten the drilling period.Vibration frequency, as a key index in design, will determine the performance of hydraulic oscillator.The vibration frequency is determined by the motion of the dynamic part.In this paper, the motion characteristics of the main body of the motor, the screw motor, are studied, and the motion law of the motor rotor is analyzed theoretically, and the motion simulation of the motor rotor is carried out by using the ADAMS motion simulation.The results of simulation analysis and theoretical analysis are in agreement with each other.At the same time, the dynamic characteristics of the rotor starting process are simulated by using the Simulink module in Matlab. The simulation results show that the motor will enter the normal working state after 0.01s.Because of the working characteristics of hydraulic oscillator and the factors of working environment, it will be excited by itself and outside in the working process, which may produce non-target vibration, and this kind of invalid vibration will greatly affect the function of the equipment.Reduce service performance and service life.Therefore, it is necessary to study the vibration characteristics of hydraulic oscillator.Modal analysis has been widely used as a method to study the vibration characteristics of structures.In this paper, the hydraulic oscillator is analyzed by using this method. The results show that the natural mode frequency of the hydraulic oscillator deviates from the operating frequency of the oscillator and the operating frequency of the bit, which can avoid resonance.At the same time, by comparing the results of the free mode and the constrained mode of the hydraulic oscillator, it is found that the mode of the hydraulic oscillator is greatly affected by the constraint, and the mode and frequency of the oscillator are obviously changed.Finally, the prototype is manufactured according to the design scheme and the test results show that the working pressure and frequency of the hydraulic oscillator are up to the design requirements.
【学位授予单位】：扬州大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：TE927

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