聚醚改性聚硅氧烷原油破乳剂的合成与性能评价

发布时间：2018-04-11 08:32

  本文选题：原油破乳剂 + 含氢硅油　； 参考：《陕西科技大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：原油作为一种稀有的不可再生资源对于国家的经济发展、科技发展以及国防建设等诸多方面都有着相当重要的意义。随着近年来采油技术的发展,我国大多数油田已经进入三次采油阶段,原油资源越来越少,含水量日益增大,加上各种驱油剂的使用使原油乳液体系更加复杂,稳定性更高,对于破乳剂的性能要求也更加苛刻,高效、适用性广的破乳剂受到人们的广泛研究,以缓解越发严重的资源紧缺问题。本文首先通过调聚法制备了一系列不同含氢量的低含氢硅油,在与聚醚进行硅氢加成反应过程中,含氢量较高的含氢硅油,反应活性较高,易引起交联,含氢量较低的含氢硅油,反应活性较差,同时硅油含氢量低,接枝的聚醚相对较少,对破乳剂产物破乳性能不利。对比选用含氢量为0.1%的低含氢硅油作为后续接枝产物的原料,并用红外光谱与核磁共振氢谱对产物进行了分析表征。通过硅氢加成反应,将低表面张力、疏水性良好的含氢硅油与亲水的烯丙基聚氧乙烯聚氧丙烯环氧基醚和烯丙基聚氧乙烯聚氧丙烯甲基醚结合在一起,制备出以聚硅氧烷为主链,聚醚为支链的多支链原油破乳剂。利用红外光谱和核磁共振氢谱对产物的结构进行了表征。探究了反应最佳工艺条件为:n(硅氢键):n(双键)=1:1.20,反应温度110℃,反应时间5h,催化剂用量30μg/g(相对于反应物总质量),溶剂用量为占原料总质量的40%。在此实验条件下,反应转化率达到93.67%。将支链聚醚原油破乳剂聚醚末端的环氧基团与三甲胺盐酸盐进行开环季铵化反应,制得末端含季铵盐阳离子的聚醚季铵盐聚硅氧烷原油破乳剂。利用红外光谱和核磁共振氢谱对产物的结构进行了表征。探究了反应最佳工艺条件为:n(盐酸盐):n(环氧基)=1.10:1,反应温度60℃,反应时间4h,溶剂用量为占原料总质量的60%。在此实验条件下,环氧开环季铵化反应转化率达到97.67%。利用延长石油延安原油模拟的原油乳液对自制的支链聚醚原油破乳剂和聚醚季铵盐聚硅氧烷原油破乳剂进行了性能评价,确定了支链聚醚原油破乳剂的环氧基醚与甲基醚最佳配比为3:1,聚醚季铵盐聚硅氧烷原油破乳剂的季铵盐与甲基醚最佳配比为1:2。在破乳剂用量100mg/L,破乳温度60℃,破乳时间2h条件下,支链聚醚原油破乳剂的脱水率达到86.71%,水相含油率546.29mg/L,油水界面较齐;聚醚季铵盐聚硅氧烷原油破乳剂的脱水率达到89.67%,水相含油率326.94mg/L,油水界面齐;支链聚醚原油破乳剂用量40mg/L与破乳剂BQ-05用量60mg/L进行复配后,脱水率达到91.56%,水相含油率246.17mg/L,油水界面齐;聚醚季铵盐聚硅氧烷原油破乳剂用量50mg/L与破乳剂SP169用量50mg/L复配后,脱水率达到96.43%,水相含油率166.78mg/L,油水界面齐。
[Abstract]:As a rare and non-renewable resource, crude oil plays an important role in national economic development, scientific and technological development and national defense construction.With the development of oil recovery technology in recent years, most oil fields in China have entered the stage of tertiary oil recovery, with less and less crude oil resources, increasing water content, and the use of various oil displacing agents makes the oil emulsion system more complex and stable.Demulsifiers, which are more demanding, efficient and suitable for demulsifiers, have been widely studied in order to alleviate the increasingly serious problem of resource shortage.In this paper, a series of low hydrogen silicone oils with different hydrogen content were prepared by the method of polymerization. In the process of hydrosilylation reaction with polyether, the hydrogen-containing silicone oil with higher hydrogen content was highly reactive and easy to lead to cross-linking.The reaction activity of hydrogen-containing silicone oil with low hydrogen content is poor, and the hydrogen content of silicon oil is low, and the graft polyether is relatively less, which is disadvantageous to the demulsifier product demulsification performance.The low-hydrogen-containing silicone oil with 0.1% hydrogen content was used as the raw material for the subsequent grafting products. The products were characterized by IR and NMR.Through the hydrosilylation reaction, the hydrophobic silicone oil with low surface tension and good hydrophobicity was combined with the hydrophilic allyl polyoxyethylene polyoxypropylene epoxy ether and allyl polyoxyethylene polyoxypropylene methyl ether.A multi-chain demulsifier with polysiloxane as main chain and polyether as branching chain was prepared.The structure of the product was characterized by IR and NMR.The optimum reaction conditions were investigated as follows: 1: n (1: 1.20), reaction temperature 110 鈩，

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