连通井磁测量定位技术研究

发布时间：2018-04-11 14:05

本文选题：旋转磁场 + 磁测距　；参考：《广东工业大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：钻井工艺中,定向井钻探要求及时准确地测量钻头所在井眼处的方向参数,以便描绘井眼轨迹,指导钻井作业。其中,作业井与目标井的精确连通在现代钻井中要求越来越高,传统测井仪器已难以满足高精度、实时性的要求。本文研究了基于动态磁偶极子模型和毕奥-萨伐尔定律连通井磁测量方法,对于提高测量精度和实时性,具有较重要的学术价值和实际意义。论文综述了国内外钻井中旋转磁场定位技术研究的现状及其优缺点,设计一种基于永磁体理论和毕奥-萨伐尔定律的磁场定位测量方法,对该测量方法的机理进行了系统研究和建模仿真,并搭建了实验装置进行验证,其主要工作有：从分子环流和磁偶极子两方面介绍永磁体模型以及两者之间的联系与区别,确定磁测距系统的理论依据。基于磁偶极子模型和毕奥-萨伐尔定律,建立了磁测距系统数学模型,完成了距离和角度数学表达式的推导,并结合Matlab对其动态模型进行了验证；从硬件和软件方面完成磁测距系统实验装置的设计以及系统测试。详细叙述系统的永磁体短节结构设计与材料选取、磁通门和加速度传感器选型以及电源模块、高精度AD采集模块、信号调理电路、曼切斯特编解码电路等硬件设计,并从上位机、采集板、通信板等方面介绍系统软件的设计,阐述通信板与采集板之间的通信协议；为了消除高温高压、强震动环境引入的噪声干扰,实现磁测距系统的精确测量,设计分析了FIR和IIR方法下的带通滤波器并对比两种方法下滤波器的优缺点。针对FIR精度高但计算量大、耗时长、占用内存大,难以满足嵌入式系统实时性要求以及IIR设计了结构简单,耗时短、内存消耗小但精度低、可能产生震荡的缺点,分别对其进行了优化设计,并对比分析以确定了最佳滤波方案。实验表明,基于动态磁偶模型和毕奥-萨伐尔定律的连通井磁场测量方法可以提高数据精度、改善系统的可靠性以及进一步降低运算时间和硬件要求。此外,该测量装置可应用于钻井工作中防碰,设计满足系统高精度、实时性、高可靠性的要求。
[Abstract]:In the drilling process, directional drilling requires that the directional parameters of the borehole in which the bit is located should be measured in time and accurately in order to depict the borehole trajectory and guide the drilling operation.Among them, the accurate connection between the working well and the target well is more and more demanding in modern drilling, and the traditional logging tools can not meet the requirements of high precision and real-time.In this paper, based on the dynamic magnetic dipole model and the Beo-Savart law, the connected well magnetic measurement method is studied, which is of great academic value and practical significance for improving the measurement accuracy and real-time performance.In this paper, the current situation, advantages and disadvantages of the research on rotating magnetic field positioning technology in drilling are summarized, and a magnetic field positioning measurement method based on permanent magnet theory and Beo-Savart law is designed.The mechanism of the measurement method is systematically studied and simulated, and an experimental device is set up to verify it. The main work is to introduce the permanent magnet model from molecular circulation and magnetic dipole, as well as the relationship and difference between the two.The theoretical basis of magnetic ranging system is determined.Based on the magnetic dipole model and Bio-Savart law, the mathematical model of the magnetic ranging system is established, and the mathematical expressions of the distance and angle are derived, and the dynamic model is verified by Matlab.The hardware and software of the magnetic ranging system experimental device design and system testing.The structure design and material selection of permanent magnet, the selection of flux gate and acceleration sensor, the power module, the high precision AD acquisition module, the signal conditioning circuit, the Manchester codec circuit and so on are described in detail.The software design of the system is introduced from the aspects of upper computer, acquisition board and communication board, and the communication protocol between the communication board and the acquisition board is expounded, in order to eliminate the noise interference caused by high temperature and high pressure, strong vibration environment,In order to realize the accurate measurement of the magnetic ranging system, the bandpass filters based on FIR and IIR methods are designed and analyzed, and the advantages and disadvantages of the two methods are compared.FIR has the disadvantages of high precision, large computation, long time consumption, large memory footprint, which is difficult to meet the real-time requirements of embedded system, and the IIR design has the disadvantages of simple structure, short time consuming, low memory consumption and low precision, which may cause vibration.The optimal design is carried out, and the optimal filtering scheme is determined by comparison and analysis.The experimental results show that the magnetic field measurement method based on the dynamic magnetic couple model and the Beo-Savart law can improve the data accuracy, improve the reliability of the system, and further reduce the computing time and hardware requirements.In addition, the measuring device can be used to prevent collision in drilling operation, and the design can meet the requirements of high precision, real time and high reliability of the system.
【学位授予单位】：广东工业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：P631.81;TE24

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