塔北隆起轴部断裂系统及成因机制

发布时间：2018-04-11 19:21

本文选题：塔北隆起轴部 + 构造-地层层序　；参考：《中国地质大学(北京)》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：塔北隆起经历了多期的构造叠加和改造作用,地质结构和古构造格局的复杂多变,尤其是隆起轴部轮台断隆带,断裂的长期发育导致地层强烈变形,不同时期的断裂系统影响着盆地地质结构,控制着盆地的古构造格局。因此,理清隆起轴部断裂系统及其成因机制不仅是研究整个塔北隆起古构造复原的关键切入点,也是深入认识塔北隆起古构造格局及其与油气关系的首要任务。本论文在前人研究基础上,针对塔北隆起轴部地层结构及断裂系统开展研究,综合利用最新二维/三维地震数据及钻井资料,建立研究区年代地层格架,剖析其地质结构特征;依据断层相关褶皱理论,精细解析研究区断裂几何学与运动学特征,建立不同时期的断裂系统;根据平衡复原原理,厘定断裂发育演化时期,探讨关键构造期断裂的成因机制。本论文取得以下几点认识:(1)塔北隆起轴部主要存在:Z/AnZ(Td)、S/AnS(Tg5)、T/AnT(Tg)、J/AnJ(T8-3)、K/AnK(T8-2)、E/AnE(T8)、Q/AnQ(T3)7个区域不整合面,由下而上可划分为基底构造层、下古生界构造层、上古生界构造层、中生界构造层和新生界构造层五大构造-地层层序。(2)塔北隆起轴部断裂在平面上大致为NEE-近EW向,既发育有大规模的压扭性逆断裂,也发育有许多张性正断裂。逆断层主要发育在元古界、古生界;正断层则发育在先存逆断层上方的中新生界。主干断裂多倾向于隆起轴部,相互间多呈背冲垒式组合,断面多上陡下缓,具有发育时期早、演化时期长、规模大,并显示继承与叠加的特性。(3)塔北隆起区域平衡剖面的演化表明了隆起主要经历了加里东早中期的雏形期、加里东晚期-海西早期的定型期、海西晚期-印支期的改造期及燕山-喜马拉雅期的衰亡期等漫长地质时期的构造演化及多期构造叠加,形成现今的构造构造格局。深层逆冲断裂主要于奥陶纪早期发育,二叠纪末期基本定型;浅层张扭断裂主要形成于古近纪库姆格列木期和新近纪吉迪克期,并在吉迪克期活动最为强烈。(4)周缘洋盆开合是盆地内及边缘断裂发育的主要动力学机制,而断裂活动是隆起形成、改造的主控因素;断裂活动控制了隆起的构造演化、区域构造格局,次级断裂的发育制约次级区带的展布及构造样式。(5)区域多套滑脱层的存在影响着断层的形成与展布,亚南断裂、沙雅-轮台断裂沿基底拆离面滑脱形成断层传播褶皱构造模式;岩石圈的挠曲变形作用与沉积-构造负载作用是中新生界正断层发育的主要机制,天山褶皱带的造山作用和施加于盆地内的挤压应力是诱发这一挠曲变形的动力学机制之一。
[Abstract]:The uplift of northern Tarim has experienced multiple structural superposition and reformation, the geological structure and paleotectonic pattern are complicated and changeable, especially the uplift axial wheel platform fault uplift zone, the long-term development of faults leads to strong deformation of strata.The fault system in different periods affects the geological structure of the basin and controls the paleotectonic pattern of the basin.Therefore, it is not only the key entry point to study the paleotectonic restoration of the Tarim uplift, but also the primary task of understanding the paleotectonic pattern and its relationship with oil and gas in the Tarim uplift.On the basis of previous studies, this paper studies the axial stratigraphic structure and fault system of the Tarim uplift, synthetically utilizes the latest 2D / 3D seismic data and drilling data, establishes the chronostratigraphic framework in the study area, and analyzes its geological structure characteristics.According to the theory of fault-related fold and the fine analysis of the characteristics of geometry and kinematics of faults in the study area, the fault systems of different periods are established, and the evolution period of fault development is determined according to the principle of equilibrium restoration, and the genetic mechanism of the faults in the key tectonic period is discussed.Five tectonic-stratigraphic sequences of Mesozoic and Cenozoic tectonic layers. (2) the axial faults of the uplift of the northern Tarim uplift are approximately NEE- near EW direction on the plane, and there are not only large-scale compression-torsional reverse faults, but also many tensional normal faults.The reverse faults are mainly developed in the Proterozoic and Paleozoic, while the normal faults are developed in the Mesozoic and Cenozoic above the preexisting thrust faults.The main faults tend to be uplift axis, and most of them are composed of backthrust and barrier, and the cross-sections are more steep and slow down, with the characteristics of early development period, long evolution period and large scale.The evolution of the regional equilibrium profile of the uplift in northern Tarim shows that the uplift mainly experienced the embryonic stage of the early and middle Caledonian period and the formative period of the late Caledonian to early Hercynian period.The late Hercynian-Indosinian reformation period and Yanshan-Himalayan declining period of structural evolution and multi-stage tectonic superposition formed the present tectonic structure pattern.The deep thrust faults mainly developed in the early Ordovician and the late Permian period, and the shallow tensional and torsional faults were mainly formed in the Paleoglynical and Neogene Jidik periods.The opening and closing of the oceanic basin is the main dynamic mechanism for the development of faults in the basin and the edge of the basin, and the fault activity is the main controlling factor for the formation and transformation of the uplift, and the fault activity controls the tectonic evolution of the uplift, and the tectonic evolution of the uplift is controlled by the fault activity.The formation and distribution of faults are affected by the development of secondary faults, and the distribution of sub-zones and structural styles are restricted by the development of secondary faults, and the existence of multiple sets of detachment layers affects the formation and distribution of faults.The shaya-Luntai fault slips along the basement detachment plane to form a fault-propagating fold structure model, and the flexure deformation of lithosphere and sedimentation-tectonic load are the main mechanisms for the development of Mesozoic normal faults.The orogeny of Tianshan fold belt and the compressive stress applied in the basin are one of the dynamic mechanisms that induce this flexural deformation.
【学位授予单位】：中国地质大学(北京)
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：P618.13;P542

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