石油管道监控系统的设计

发布时间：2018-04-12 09:02

本文选题：石油管道 + SCADA系统　；参考：《西安工程大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：近些年来我国经济飞速发展,对能源的需求日益加大。石油作为主要能源供应之一,对经济发展的影响不言而喻。管道运输具有安全性高、建设周期短、可连续作业以及成本低等优点,逐渐成为原油运输的主要运输方式。由于原油长输管道距离远且周边地形复杂的特点,管道的运行管理与监控存在很大的难度。SCADA系统能够对长输管道各项运行参数进行全面监控,包括对管道现场实时数据采集、应急预警处理以及相关设备远程控制等。工作人员在控制中心就可以监控整个输油管道系统各点的运行状况,不需在工业现场实地操作,这样不仅提高了工作效率,同时保证了工作人员的生命安全。本文通过对管道SCADA系统的深入研究,提出了设计一种基于ARM处理器的管道监控系统。该系统能够实时采集管道运行的重要参数,并控制调节阀及油泵实现按计划向下游分输油品。RTU(Remote Terminal Unit)作为SCADA系统的关键环节,承担了远程数据采集、通信及设备控制等任务。在硬件方面,本文中RTU包括以下部分:模拟量输入/输出模块、数字量输入输出模块、以太网模块、RS-232/RS-485接口、存储器模块及电源模块。利用RTU连接不同的传感器实现对管道运行的重要信息的采集,同时通过对调节阀及油泵的控制实现了对流量的精确控制。在软件方面,移植了嵌入式操作系统作为系统的软件平台并完成了驱动程序的设计。其中主要包括了完成Linux嵌入式开发环境的建立、Boot loader移植、Linux内核移植以及根文件系统的移植等。同时,完成了分输计划的制定。通过建立数学模型及求解,得出最佳分输的起止时间及分输流量,保证了系统能够高效稳定地向下游分输油品。最后通过实验对监控系统模块功能进行了测试。实验结果表明管道监控系统能够实现预期功能。
[Abstract]:In recent years, our country economy develops rapidly, the demand for energy is increasing day by day.Oil as one of the main energy supply, the impact on economic development is self-evident.Pipeline transportation, with the advantages of high safety, short construction period, continuous operation and low cost, has gradually become the main transportation mode of crude oil transportation.Because of the characteristics of long distance crude oil pipeline and complicated surrounding terrain, it is very difficult to manage and monitor the pipeline operation. SCADA system can monitor the operation parameters of long distance pipeline, including real-time data acquisition.Emergency early warning and remote control of related equipment.In the control center, the staff can monitor the operation condition of the whole oil pipeline system, and do not need to operate in the industrial field. This not only improves the working efficiency, but also ensures the safety of the staff.In this paper, a pipeline monitoring system based on ARM processor is proposed through the deep research of pipeline SCADA system.The system can collect the important parameters of pipeline operation in real time, and control the regulating valve and oil pump to realize the planned oil distribution downstream. RTU remote Terminal unit is the key link of the SCADA system, which undertakes the tasks of remote data acquisition, communication and equipment control.In terms of hardware, RTU includes the following parts: analog input / output module, digital input / output module, Ethernet module RS-232 / RS-485 interface, memory module and power module.The important information of pipeline operation is collected by using different sensors connected with RTU, and the accurate control of flow rate is realized through the control of regulating valve and oil pump.In the software aspect, the embedded operating system is transplanted as the software platform of the system and the driver is designed.It mainly includes the establishment of Linux embedded development environment and the porting of Linux kernel and root file system.At the same time, the completion of the transmission plan.By establishing mathematical model and solving, the optimal starting and ending time and flow rate are obtained, which ensures the system can distribute oil products downstream efficiently and stably.Finally, the function of the monitoring system module is tested through experiments.The experimental results show that the pipeline monitoring system can achieve the expected function.
【学位授予单位】：西安工程大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：TE973

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