混砂车测控系统的研究

发布时间：2018-04-12 21:37

本文选题：压裂工艺 + 压裂机组　；参考：《长江大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：压裂是一种常规油气田增产以及岩气、页岩油、煤层气等非常规油气资源开采核心技术,是中、低渗透油田勘探开发工程重要施工流程或环节。由于中、低渗透油田储物层物理工况条件限制、钻井过程中钻井液污染等原因,油井射孔后自然产能低,开采效益差,须经过压裂才能正常生产。我国各类油气资源开发进入中后期阶段,石油、天然气供应缺口扩大,油气气井压裂作业越加频繁。油田专用压裂车是压裂施工的主要设备,属油气田钻采特种设备。一般油田专用压裂车多以成套设备即成套压裂机组形式出现,其中混砂车是油田压裂机组中的关键设备之一,其作用是在压裂施工中按一定的比例和程序输砂和混砂,并把这些不同砂比,不同粘度的压裂砂液低压泵送给压裂泵送装备。它的工作性能的好坏将影响到整个压裂施工的成败。本文根据油气田开发的具体过程,简要的介绍了压裂工艺在油气田开采施工中的重要作用,压裂机组作为压裂施工的常用设备,其重要组成部分为混砂车,混砂车在压裂施工作业中将所需要添加的支撑剂、添加剂按照一定的比例充分混合后泵送给压裂设备,其工作性能好坏直接关系到压裂施工成败,故本文针对混砂车测控系统的控制方法展开研究。根据混砂车的测控要求与实际的混砂工艺,给出了混砂车测控系统的总体设计方案。本混砂车测控系统的人机交互界面采用西门子公司推出的TP177B触摸屏,控制器方面基于PLC功能性强,性价比高,可靠性高,抗干扰能力强等特点采用了西门子公司推出的S7-300型PLC,并根据实际测控需要,确定了各仪表的选型,给出了输入、输出点表,对整体硬件结构进行了详细说明。本文对混砂车测控系统的测控方法研究进行了着重分析与说明,提出了以PI算法为核心的混砂车加药自动控制和混砂罐出口压力的测控方法,由于在实际混砂作业过程中必须对液位做到准确与快速的控制,故液位控制采用混砂罐液位与吸入流量的双闭环控制加出口流量前馈补偿的控制方法。依据以上测控方法建立了科学的数学模型,借助matleb仿真软件对混砂车的测控系统进行了仿真实验,取得了高质量的测试数据,获得了良好的仿真结果,给该混砂车测控系统的设计提供了科学的理论依据。从理论和实验两个方面说明了该测控方法的可行性。在此基础上,提出了混砂车测控系统的软件设计方案,给出了该混砂车测控系统设计的软件实现方案与方法。论文最后分别对测控体统的硬件与软件进行了测试,给出了详细的测试步骤与方法。本文的主要创新点在于：①采用PI算法来控制出口压力、输砂量与各添加剂流量,对出口压力和各种添加剂浓度做到准确、快速控制。②采用反馈加前馈的控制方法实现对液位的准确控制,让液位精准的控制在设定高度。本文的研究工作解决了混砂过程中的关键技术难题,有重要的工程实用价值。
[Abstract]:Fracturing is a conventional oil and gas production and rock gas, shale oil, coal gas and other unconventional core technology, oil and gas resources exploitation is in low permeability oilfield exploration and development engineering construction process or important link. Due to limited storage, low permeability oil layer physical conditions, causes of pollution of drilling fluid drilling process in the natural capacity of the perforation after low mining efficiency is poor, subject to fracturing to normal production. The development of China's oil and gas resources into the late stage, oil, expand the natural gas supply gap, oil and gas well fracturing operation has become increasingly frequent. Special oil fracturing truck is the main equipment of fracturing, oil and gas drilling is a special special equipment. The general oil fracturing truck appears mostly in the form of complete sets of equipment complete sets of fracturing units, including sand mixing vehicle is one of the key equipment in oil fracturing unit, and its role in the fracturing construction according to certain The proportion of sand and mixed sand and procedures, and the different sand ratio, sand fracturing fluid pressure pump for pumping different viscosity fracturing equipment. Its performance will affect the whole fracturing success. According to the specific process of oil and gas field development, briefly introduces the important role in the process of fracturing the construction of oil and gas field production, fracturing unit as equipment commonly used in fracturing, which is an important part in the blender, fracturing construction operations needed to support agent adding blender, additives according to a certain proportion after mixing pump for fracturing equipment, its performance is directly related to the success or failure of fracturing in this paper, the control method of sand mixing vehicle control system is researched. According to the control requirements of sand mixing vehicle sand mixing process and practice, it gives an overall design scheme of sand mixing vehicle control system. The sand mixing truck Measurement and control system of man-machine interface uses SIEMENS launched TP177B touch screen controller based on PLC function is strong, high performance, high reliability, strong anti-interference characteristics using S7-300 type PLC produced by SIEMENS, and according to the actual measurement and control needs, determine the selection of the instrument, the input and output points. On the table, the whole hardware structure in detail. The control method of sand mixing vehicle control system is studied emphatically the analysis and explanation of proposed control method of sand mixing vehicle automatic feeding control and mixing tank outlet pressure to the PI algorithm as the core, because in the actual operation process of sand mixing must be accurate with the rapid control of the liquid level and the liquid level control adopts the method of sand mixing tank level and outlet flow feed-forward compensation double closed-loop control. The suction flow rate on the basis of the above control method to build A scientific mathematical model, using matleb simulation software to simulate measurement and control system of sand mixing vehicle, the test data is obtained with high quality, a good simulation result is obtained, the theory provides a scientific basis for the design of sand mixing vehicle control system. From two aspects of theory and experiment to illustrate the feasibility the measurement and control method. On this basis, put forward the software design scheme of sand mixing vehicle control system, program and method of the design of sand mixing vehicle control system software are given. Finally, the control system of hardware and software has been tested, given the detailed test procedures and methods. The main innovations of this paper that the PI algorithm is used to control the outlet pressure, amount of sediment and the additive flow, accurate, rapid control of outlet pressure and various additives concentration. The control method of feedback plus feedforward The accurate control of liquid level is achieved and the liquid level is precisely controlled at the set height. The research work in this paper solves the key technical problems in the process of sand mixing, and has important engineering practical value.

【学位授予单位】：长江大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：TE934.2

【参考文献】