多因素控制下生物柴油和柴油宏观雾化特性的实验研究

发布时间：2018-04-20 23:33

本文选题：生物柴油 + 柴油　；参考：《中国科学技术大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：人类对传统化石燃料的肆意开采,致使石油在几十年内面临开采殆尽的窘况,同时燃烧不可再生的化石燃料产生的大量污染物加剧了环境的恶化。寻找一种清洁、可再生的能源成为当下解决能源危机和缓解生态破坏的迫切事宜。在众多替代能源中,由动物油脂、油料作物和地沟油加工提炼的生物柴油凭借其清洁可再生性、丰富的氧含量有效降低碳烟污染排放等优势引起学术界和工业界的广泛关注。生物柴油因其相对柴油较高的黏度和表面张力而难以雾化,实际应用中,生物柴油和柴油的混合使用不仅解决了这一雾化难题,同时混合燃油具有相对较好的润滑性,并可以直接用于柴油机而不用做任何改装。生物柴油和柴油混合燃油的雾化特性决定了燃油和空气的混合质量,进而决定了燃烧和排放特性。由于生物柴油在理化性质方面与柴油的差异,导致两者在贯穿距离、雾化角和雾化体积等宏观雾化性质方面也不尽相同。本文研究了由地沟油提炼的生物柴油、0#柴油及两者不同比例(BD20、 BD50、BD80)的混合燃油,在模拟内燃机环境的常温定容弹中,利用共轨喷雾装置,在60MPa、70MPa、80MPa、90MPa、100MPa喷射压力和0.1MPa、0.3MPa、0.5MPa、0.7MPa、0.9MPa背压下贯穿距离、贯穿距离平均推进速率、雾化角、平均雾化角、雾化面积、雾化体积和雾化形态等宏观特性的变化规律。通过编程对实验数据进行分析,研究了喷射压力、背压和生物柴油在混合燃料中的浓度比例对雾化特性的影响。结果显示,贯穿距离和贯穿距离平均推进速率随喷射压力的增大而显著增大,随背压的增大而显著减小,随浓度比例的增大略微减小；雾化锥角和平均雾化锥角随背压的增大而显著增大,随喷射压力的增大而增大,随浓度比例的增大减小;雾化面积和雾化体积随喷射压力的增大而增大,随背压的增大而减小。
[Abstract]:Because of the wanton exploitation of the traditional fossil fuels, the oil has to be exhausted in several decades. Meanwhile, a large number of pollutants produced by the burning of non-renewable fossil fuels have aggravated the deterioration of the environment. Looking for a clean and renewable energy source has become an urgent issue to solve the energy crisis and mitigate ecological damage. Among the many alternative energy sources, biodiesel, which is extracted from animal oil, oil crops and gutter oil processing, has attracted extensive attention from academia and industry because of its advantages of clean and renewable, rich oxygen content and effective reduction of soot pollution emissions. Biodiesel is difficult to atomize because of its relatively high viscosity and surface tension. In practical application, the mixed use of biodiesel and diesel not only solves the problem of atomization, but also has relatively good lubricity. And can be directly used in diesel engines without any modification. The atomization characteristics of biodiesel and diesel fuel mixture determine the mixing quality of fuel and air, and then determine the combustion and emission characteristics. Because of the difference between biodiesel and diesel in physical and chemical properties, they are different in macroscopic atomization properties such as penetration distance, atomization angle and atomization volume. In this paper, the fuel mixture of biodiesel and its mixture of BD20, BD50 and BD80, extracted from gutter oil, was studied. In a constant volumetric bomb at room temperature in simulated internal combustion engine environment, a common rail spray device was used at the injection pressure of 60MPa (70MPA) 80MPa1, 90MPa1 (100MPa) and 0.1MPa0.3MPa0. 5MPA0. 5MPa0. 7MPa0. 9 MPA backpressure (0. 9MPA = 0. 9MPa, 0. 7MPa, 0. 9MPa) and 0. 9MPa (0.3MPa 0. 5MPA). The variation rules of macroscopic characteristics such as the average propulsion rate, atomization angle, average atomization angle, atomization area, atomization volume and atomization morphology are discussed. The effects of injection pressure, back pressure and the concentration ratio of biodiesel in the mixed fuel on the atomization characteristics were studied by programming and analyzing the experimental data. The results show that the average propulsion rate of penetration distance and penetration distance increases significantly with the increase of injection pressure, decreases with the increase of back pressure, and decreases slightly with the increase of concentration ratio. The atomization cone angle and the average atomization cone angle increase significantly with the increase of back pressure, increase with the increase of injection pressure, and decrease with the increase of concentration ratio, and the atomization area and atomization volume increase with the increase of injection pressure and decrease with the increase of back pressure.
【学位授予单位】：中国科学技术大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：TE667

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