工业废油三场协同破乳脱水装置的设计与参数优化

发布时间：2018-04-21 12:49

本文选题：油水分离 + 旋流离心场　；参考：《重庆理工大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：润滑油广泛应用于机械、电力、运输及化工等领域,在国民经济中占有重要的地位。润滑油长时间反复使用会降低其理化性质生成工业废油,针对工业废油的脱水净化处理是润滑油产品链上一个极其重要的环节。一般情况下,单一工艺方法很难实现废油高效破乳脱水处理,将两种及以上的工艺方法或单元操作通过耦合集成,完成常规工艺难以适应的分离过程,是破乳脱水技术发展的主流。鉴于此,开展工业废油旋流离心场-脉冲电场-真空温度场协同破乳脱水装置的设计研究和实验,具有重要的理论意义和工程应用价值。首先,从电介质物理学角度,以电流体动力学(EHD)理论为基础,对脉冲电场作用下油中液滴伸缩变形理论进行了理论分析。通过对液滴内外速度场与流动应力分析,研究液滴在脉冲电场作用下的变形机理。运用COMSOL Multiphysics软件仿真模拟、电破乳实验对理论建模和计算的可靠性进行验证。其次,针对旋流离心破乳脱水单元,利用CFD软件选择Reynolds应力湍流模型对旋流器脱水效果进行计算仿真,并对旋流器参数进行优化。在此基础上,将脉冲电场集成于旋流腔段内部,耦合旋流离心场和脉冲电场,通过COMSOL软件进行三维流场仿真,研究不同入口流速、脉冲电场频率和脉冲电压幅值条件下耦合单元旋流腔段、大锥段、小锥段及底流直管段轴心截线上内部流体总速度及各速度分量的变化规律,得到旋流离心场-脉冲电场耦合单元最佳参数组合。最后,设计试制了三场协同破乳脱水装置,开展多参数条件下的破乳脱水实验。运用四因素五水平正交实验方法,由正交实验结果进行极差分析得到装置脱水效果最优参数组合。在此基础上开展单因素实验,研究入口流速、脉冲电场频率、脉冲电压幅值及加热温度对装置脱水效率的影响规律,最终确定更精确的参数组合。本研究通过理论分析、数值仿真和实验的手段对工业废油三场协同脱水装置进行了设计及相关理论研究,为多场集成脱水技术的工程应用提供了一定的理论支撑。
[Abstract]:Lubricating oil is widely used in machinery, electric power, transportation and chemical industry and plays an important role in the national economy. Long time repeated use of lubricating oil will reduce its physicochemical properties to produce industrial waste oil. Dehydration and purification of industrial waste oil is an extremely important link in the product chain of lubricating oil. In general, it is difficult to realize high efficiency demulsification and dehydration treatment of waste oil by a single process. Two or more process methods or unit operations are integrated by coupling to complete the separation process which is difficult to adapt by conventional technology. It is the mainstream of demulsification and dehydration technology. In view of this, it is of great theoretical significance and engineering application value to develop the design and experiment of a synergistic demulsification and dehydration device of industrial waste oil swirl centrifugal field, pulse electric field and vacuum temperature field. Firstly, from the point of view of dielectric physics, based on the theory of electrohydrodynamics (EHD), the theory of droplet stretching deformation in oil under the action of pulsed electric field is analyzed theoretically. By analyzing the velocity field and flow stress inside and outside the droplet, the deformation mechanism of the droplet under the action of pulsed electric field is studied. The reliability of theoretical modeling and calculation is verified by COMSOL Multiphysics simulation and electrical demulsification experiment. Secondly, for the hydrocyclone centrifugal demulsification and dehydration unit, the Reynolds stress turbulence model is selected by CFD software to simulate the dehydration effect of the hydrocyclone, and the parameters of the cyclone are optimized. On this basis, the pulsed electric field is integrated into the swirl cavity, coupled with the swirl centrifugal field and the pulsed electric field, the three-dimensional flow field is simulated by COMSOL software, and the different inlet velocities are studied. Under the condition of pulse electric field frequency and pulse voltage amplitude, the variation law of the total velocity and velocity components of the internal fluid on the axial section of the axial section of the coupling unit, the large cone section, the small cone section and the bottom flow pipe segment, is obtained. The optimum parameter combination of centrifugal field and pulse electric field coupling element is obtained. Finally, three field collaborative demulsification dehydration device was designed and manufactured, and the demulsification dehydration experiment was carried out under the condition of multiple parameters. By using the method of four factors and five levels orthogonal experiment, the optimum parameters combination of dewatering effect of the device is obtained by using the range analysis of the results of the orthogonal experiment. On this basis, single-factor experiments were carried out to study the influence of inlet velocity, pulse electric field frequency, pulse voltage amplitude and heating temperature on the dehydration efficiency of the device. Finally, a more accurate parameter combination was determined. Based on the theoretical analysis, numerical simulation and experiment, the paper designs the three-field synergistic dehydration device for industrial waste oil, and provides some theoretical support for the engineering application of multi-field integrated dehydration technology.
【学位授予单位】：重庆理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：X703;TE626.3

【参考文献】