焦炭塔自动底盖机系统的设计分析与研究

发布时间：2018-04-21 22:49

本文选题：密封结构 + 应力分析　；参考：《北京化工大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：在石油炼制工业中,延迟焦化被作为一种国内外广泛应用的渣油处理工艺,焦炭塔是整套装置中的核心设备。由于该工艺的特殊性,处于焦炭塔底部的底盖机的工作环境较为复杂,需要承受循环往复的热载荷和压力载荷的作用。因此,提高底盖机强度、改善系统的密封性能成为优化焦炭塔的首要任务,以达到保证安全生产、降低工人工作强度以及提高装置工作效率的目的。本文提出了一种新型液压-卡扎里焦炭塔自动底盖机系统,它采用液压控制垂直开盖技术,利用液压顶紧器产生密封力,为改进的卡扎里密封系统提供密封力。底盖启闭和压紧动作分别执行,开关盖动作简单可靠。依据有关理论,对卡扎里密封系统进行结构设计,并对此密封系统的密封力及施加密封力的装置进行了分析计算。由于焦炭塔底盖装置结构型式和尺寸等参量较多,承受载荷较为复杂,很难由经典理论力学计算得出,而通过有限元的方法可以得到较为贴近实际的结果。首先,对该结构进行了稳态温度场和热-结构耦合场的分析,选择关键截面定义线性化路径,将线性化的应力与许用值进行比较,各应力均在许用范围内。其次,分别采用了传统设计方法和PVRC新设计方法对八角垫的密封性能进行了评定,评定合格。再次,对该密封结构进行疲劳评定,满足疲劳要求。结果表明,该结构的完整性与密封性能均满足要求。最后,采用枚举法和数值模拟法,分别对焦炭塔开孔的筒体壁厚、接管壁厚及接管内伸长度这个影响因素进行了优化分析,确定了这三个因素对焦炭塔开孔的影响规律。综上所述,证明采用液压-卡扎里焦炭塔自动底盖机密封结构,结构强度可靠,密封性能良好,具有良好的工业化应用前景。
[Abstract]:In the petroleum refining industry, delayed coking is widely used as a residue treatment process at home and abroad, and the coke tower is the core equipment in the whole plant. Because of the particularity of this process, the working environment of the bottom cover machine located at the bottom of the coke tower is more complex, and it needs to bear the effect of cyclic heat load and pressure load. Therefore, to improve the strength of the bottom cover machine and improve the sealing performance of the system becomes the primary task of optimizing the coke tower, in order to ensure the safety of production, reduce the working intensity of the workers and improve the working efficiency of the unit. In this paper, a new type of hydraulic automatic bottom cover system for Kajari coke tower is presented. It adopts the technology of hydraulic control to open the cap vertically. The sealing force is produced by the hydraulic jacking device, which provides the sealing force for the improved Kazari sealing system. The opening and closing of the bottom cover and the pressing action are carried out respectively, and the switch cover action is simple and reliable. According to the relevant theory, the structural design of Kazari seal system is carried out, and the sealing force and the device applied to the sealing system are analyzed and calculated. Because of the large number of parameters such as structure type and size of the bottom cover device of coke tower, and the complexity of bearing load, it is difficult to obtain from classical theoretical mechanics calculation, but the results can be obtained by finite element method. Firstly, the steady-state temperature field and thermal-structural coupling field of the structure are analyzed. The key sections are selected to define the linearization path, and the linearized stress is compared with the allowable value, and each stress is within the allowable range. Secondly, the sealing performance of octagonal gasket is evaluated by traditional design method and PVRC new design method. Thirdly, fatigue evaluation of the seal structure is carried out to meet the fatigue requirements. The results show that the integrity and sealing performance of the structure meet the requirements. Finally, by using enumeration method and numerical simulation method, the influence factors of the wall thickness of the coking tower, the wall thickness of the nozzle and the elongation of the nozzle are optimized and analyzed, respectively, and the influence of these three factors on the opening of the coke tower is determined. To sum up, it is proved that the sealing structure of the automatic bottom cover machine for the hydraulic-Kazari coke tower is reliable, the sealing performance is good, and it has a good prospect of industrial application.
【学位授予单位】：北京化工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：TE962

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