原油的常减压蒸馏过程的模拟与优化

发布时间：2018-04-22 11:37

本文选题：原油的常减压蒸馏 + 蒸馏塔　；参考：《齐鲁工业大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：在石油炼制与化工过程中,原油常减压蒸馏是其中的龙头工艺,也被看作是原油深加工中的基础环节。炼油企业的耗能大户是原油的常减压蒸馏装置.此装置耗能约占炼油企业总能耗的25%左右。因此,其工艺操作状况是决定石油工艺的全局的重要步骤。对炼油企业的综合经济效益和对石油资源的能源利用率有着直接的影响。由于石油资源的持续大量开采,原油进入劣质化阶段,随着原油性质的不断改变。应该对原来的生产装置随时调整其工艺操作参数。从而可以满足不同操作要求的现有装置。因此,为了在适应原油性质变化基础上对原油的灵活加工。通常针对常减压蒸馏装置会采取一系列措施进行不断地改造。所以,各炼化企业都明确了生产的共同目标:优化生产中工艺操作、提高原油产品的收率、降低生产中的能耗。而这一目标实现的理论根据和操作基础就是化工流程模拟与优化这一技术,并且此技术在实际生产过程中提供了许多理论参考,使生产中遇到的实际问题得到了很好的解决,并大大地促进了企业的发展并提高了企业的经济效益。为达到原油深加工的工艺要求,本文用流程模拟软件Aspen HYSYS对原油的常减压蒸馏流程进行了模拟,并通过与工厂实际生产工艺流程参数进行比较,从而证明了Aspen HYSYS对原油的常减压蒸馏流程的模拟具有较高的生产应用价值。本文通过研究得到的结果如下所示:1)运用Aspen Hysys流程模拟软件,科学合理地规划现有的生产流程,以原油的常减压蒸馏装置的标定数据为基础,在炼油过程中使用物性措施。设计模拟流程。进行物料衡算。分析产品的恩氏蒸馏数据。对照分析经过各种模拟结果。选出最合适的物性方法。对常减压蒸馏装置进行精密的模拟流程。分析模拟结果产生的误差。确定适宜的理论板数。2)运用Aspen Hysys软件,研究工艺操作压力、汽提蒸汽流量和进料温度等多种操作参数,对装置拔出率或者进料汽化率所产生的一系列影响,并把此分析作为依据,利用Aspen Hysys软件提供的的优化工具,优化变量为初馏塔、减压塔和常压塔的进料位置。把提高原油拔出率和提升经济效益作为优化目标。对常减压蒸馏装置进行相对应的模拟优化。3)对于常减压装置,提出改进方案,利用Aspen Hysys软件对此进行模拟计算。对比分析改进方案和原方案的能耗和操作费用的差异。分析两种方案的利弊。对此装置提出最合理的改进方案及工艺设计。
[Abstract]:In the process of petroleum refining and chemical engineering, atmospheric and vacuum distillation of crude oil is one of the leading processes, and it is also regarded as the basic link in the further processing of crude oil. The energy consumption of oil refining enterprises is the atmospheric and vacuum distillation unit of crude oil. The energy consumption of this unit accounts for about 25% of the total energy consumption of refinery enterprises. Therefore, the process operation condition is an important step to determine the overall situation of petroleum process. It has a direct effect on the comprehensive economic benefit of oil refining enterprises and on the energy efficiency of petroleum resources. Due to the continuous exploitation of petroleum resources, crude oil enters the stage of inferior quality and changes with the nature of crude oil. The process operation parameters should be adjusted at any time for the original production plant. Thus, the existing device can meet different operation requirements. Therefore, in order to adapt to the nature of crude oil on the basis of flexible processing. A series of measures are usually taken for atmospheric and vacuum distillation units to be continuously modified. Therefore, the common goal of each refining and chemical enterprise is to optimize the process operation, improve the yield of crude oil products, and reduce the energy consumption in production. The technology of chemical process simulation and optimization is the theoretical basis and operational basis for the realization of this goal, and it provides a lot of theoretical references in the actual production process, which makes the practical problems encountered in production to be solved very well. And greatly promote the development of enterprises and improve the economic benefits of enterprises. In order to meet the technological requirements of crude oil deep processing, the atmospheric and vacuum distillation process of crude oil was simulated by the process simulation software Aspen HYSYS, and compared with the actual production process parameters of the plant. It is proved that Aspen HYSYS has high application value in the simulation of atmospheric and vacuum distillation process of crude oil. In this paper, the results are shown as follows: (1) by using Aspen Hysys process simulation software, the existing production process is scientifically and reasonably planned. Based on the calibration data of atmospheric and vacuum distillation units of crude oil, physical property measures are used in the refining process. Design simulation flow. Carry out material accounting. Analyze the Endersen distillation data of the product. The simulation results were compared and analyzed. Choose the most suitable physical method. The precision simulation flow of atmospheric and vacuum distillation unit is carried out. The error caused by the simulation result is analyzed. To determine the appropriate number of theoretical plates. 2) using Aspen Hysys software to study a series of operation parameters, such as operation pressure, stripping steam flow rate and feed temperature, which have a series of effects on pull-out rate or feed vaporization rate. On the basis of this analysis, using the optimization tools provided by Aspen Hysys software, the optimal variables are the feed position of the primary distillation column, the vacuum column and the atmospheric pressure column. To improve the crude oil extraction rate and enhance economic efficiency as the optimization objective. The corresponding simulation optimization of atmospheric and vacuum distillation unit. 3) for the atmospheric and vacuum distillation unit, an improved scheme is put forward, which is simulated and calculated by Aspen Hysys software. Compare and analyze the difference of energy consumption and operation cost between the improved scheme and the original scheme. Analyze the advantages and disadvantages of the two schemes. The most reasonable improvement scheme and process design for this device are put forward.
【学位授予单位】：齐鲁工业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：TE624

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