基于脉冲激励的水平井减摩降阻工具研制

发布时间：2018-04-24 20:21

本文选题：钻井 + 水平井　；参考：《西南石油大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：随着国家对油气资源需求的不断增长和现阶段勘探开发的需要,各大油田通常选用水平井、大位移井等作为勘探开发方案,实现由浅层常规易开发油气储层向深部难动用储层勘探开发推进。水平井、大位移井复杂的井身结构限制了常规井下动力钻具组合在钻进中所能到达的深度,因此如何应对深部地层钻井过程中出现的井下复杂情况并保证钻井成功率是目前亟待解决的问题。本文深入调研了国内外研究现状,对现有的钻井提速方法和工具进行了优缺点和适应性分析。在此基础上,分析了水平井、.大位移井钻井施工难点和摩阻影响因素,最终确定以减摩降阻作为解决方案来提高机械钻速,并据此设计了一种脉冲振荡减摩器。脉冲振荡减摩器的工作原理：结构中的PDM(容积式马达)动力单元驱动动阀盘转动,该阀盘具有一偏置的孔眼,动阀盘下面是一个具有中心孔的静阀盘,动／静阀盘的相互运动致使过流面积不断改变,产生压力脉冲引起轴向振动,最终从该工具传出,破除管柱和井壁之间的静摩阻。脉冲振荡减摩器与震击工具一起使用,可以产生集中的轴向震击力。为了验证脉冲振荡减摩器的可行性,本文使用计算流体动力学分析软件ANSYS FLUENT14.0对该工具内部腔室的运动流场进行了详细的数值模拟与分析,结果表明：工具内流场压力产生合理波动,活塞面压力与阀门水力直径关系符合设计要求。使用“钻井作业管柱力学分析软件”计算扭矩和轴向力以及管柱屈曲状态,结果表明：脉冲振荡减摩器可以有效地减小扭矩损耗,在水平段合适的位置使用该工具可以消除管柱的正弦屈曲和螺旋屈曲等问题达到理想的预期效果。数值模拟分析的结果,验证了脉冲振荡减摩器作用机理的正确性。该工具作为一种新的有效的井下轴向脉冲振荡力发生装置主要用于水平井钻井,能够达到减摩降阻、减小卡钻风险、提高机械钻速、加强钻具的定向能力、避免敏感设备的破坏、可靠性高等效果。
[Abstract]:With the increasing demand for oil and gas resources and the need for exploration and development at this stage, the major oilfields usually choose horizontal wells and extended displacement wells as exploration and development schemes. The exploration and development of shallow conventional and easy-to-exploit oil and gas reservoirs to the deep hard-to-use reservoirs are realized. The complex wellbore structure of horizontal well and extended reach well limits the depth that can be reached by conventional downhole power drilling tool combination. Therefore, how to deal with the complex downhole situation in deep formation drilling and ensure the success rate of drilling is an urgent problem to be solved. In this paper, the current research situation at home and abroad is investigated, and the advantages, disadvantages and adaptability of existing drilling speed raising methods and tools are analyzed. On this basis, the horizontal well is analyzed. In order to improve the drilling speed, a pulse oscillation friction reducer is designed based on the difficulty of drilling operation and the factors affecting friction resistance in long reach well drilling, and the ultimate solution is to reduce friction and reduce friction. The working principle of the pulse oscillation friction reducer: the PDM (volumetric motor) power unit in the structure drives the moving valve disc, which has a offset hole hole, and a static valve disc with a center hole under the moving valve disc. The movement of the dynamic / static valve disc causes the continuous change of the flow area and the axial vibration caused by the pressure pulse. Finally, the static and frictional resistance between the string and the shaft wall is broken out from the tool. Pulse oscillation friction reducer combined with shock tools can produce concentrated axial shock force. In order to verify the feasibility of the pulse oscillation friction reducer, a detailed numerical simulation and analysis of the moving flow field in the chamber of the tool is carried out by using the computational fluid dynamics analysis software ANSYS FLUENT14.0. The results show that the flow field pressure in the tool fluctuates reasonably and the relationship between the piston surface pressure and the hydraulic diameter of the valve meets the design requirements. The torque, axial force and buckling state of pipe string are calculated by "drilling string Mechanics Analysis Software". The results show that the pulse oscillation friction reducer can effectively reduce the torque loss. The sinusoidal buckling and spiral buckling of the pipe string can be eliminated by using this tool in the proper position of the horizontal section, and the desired results can be achieved. The results of numerical simulation verify the correctness of the mechanism of pulse oscillation friction reducer. As a new and effective downhole axial pulse oscillation force generator, the tool is mainly used in horizontal well drilling, which can reduce friction and resistance, reduce the risk of drilling jam, improve the drilling speed, and strengthen the directional ability of drilling tools. Avoid the damage of sensitive equipment, high reliability and other effects.
【学位授予单位】：西南石油大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：TE92

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