三元复合驱采出水腐蚀结垢机制及其影响因素研究
发布时间:2018-04-25 07:10
本文选题:腐蚀速率 + 硬垢 ; 参考:《西南石油大学》2015年硕士论文
【摘要】:目前,国内大部分油田进入开采中后期,油田采出液含水量越来越高。随着三元复合驱技术的开展,油田采出水水质复杂多变,水中矿化度高,含有大量腐蚀性无机离子、成垢离子和一些能造成腐蚀的溶解性气体,给集输系统带来了严重的腐蚀结垢问题。本文模拟现场采出水水质进行集输管线钢腐蚀结垢实验,研究了采出水腐蚀结垢机制和各因素对腐蚀结垢规律影响。 首先,采用动静态失重法测试不同因素影响下X65动、静态腐蚀速率:温度(30-70。C)影响下,动态腐蚀速率大于静态腐蚀速率,动态腐蚀速率在50。C时达到最大值,静态腐蚀速率在60℃时达到最大值;矿化度(6170~30850mg/L)影响下,动态腐蚀速在24680mg/L时达到最小值,静态腐蚀速率在18510mg/L时达到最大值;随HPAM浓度(0~2500mg/L)增加,静态腐蚀速率下降,HPAM浓度为1000mg/L时,对动态腐蚀抑制作用最强;随pH值(8-12)的增大,静态腐蚀速率呈下降趋势;随流速(0~1m/s)增大,动态腐蚀速率不断增大。然后,采用EDTA滴定法测试动态下各因素对采出水结垢规律影响:随温度(30~80℃)升高,Ca2+浓度逐渐降低,Mg2+浓度波动较大;随流速(0.2~0.85m/s)增大,Ca2+浓度先减小后增大,最后变化趋于平缓,Mg2+浓度呈下降趋势;随pH值增大,钙、镁离子浓度都减小;随HPAM浓度(0~2500mg/L)的增大,Ca2+浓度先增后减,Mg2+浓度变化不大。结合EDTA滴定法和软硬垢测试法,测试静态下各因素对采出水结垢规律影响:随温度(40-80℃)升高、pH值(7-12)增大,钙镁离子浓度降低,结垢量增多;随着HPAM浓度(0-2500mg/L)增加,含聚溶液结垢量较未加入HPAM溶液结垢量少,当HPAM浓度为1500mg/L时,HPAM对结垢过程抑制作用最大;随时问的增长,含聚溶液总垢量先增后减再升高。 最后,对不同时间反应后的X65试样产物膜进行SEM和XRD分析。分析得到:反应2h的试样表面产物呈针状,针尖处长有触须;反应4h后,触须长大、数量增多,逐渐向针状物中部生长;8h时,触须越来越多,并长大呈团,逐渐覆盖了针状物。前2h反应体系主要以腐蚀电化学反应为主,腐蚀结垢产物是Fe3O4、Fe(OH)2和微量CaCO3,4h后出现氧化铁,碳酸钙结垢逐渐增多;8h后CaCO3、Fe2O3、Fe(OH)2含量不断增多。对反应8h后X65试样腐蚀结垢膜层进行能谱分析,试样腐蚀结垢层大致可分为三层:氧化层、中间层和结垢层。对X65试样腐蚀结垢膜层形成过程进行试验分析得到:试样腐蚀结垢膜形成过程大致分为三个阶段,第一阶段为金属基体表面氧化膜生成阶段,第二阶段为金属基体表面产物层迅速成长期,第三阶段为腐蚀结垢层的稳定期。
[Abstract]:At present, the water content of produced fluid is higher and higher in most oil fields in China. With the development of ASP flooding technology, the produced water quality is complex and changeable, the water salinity is high, and it contains a lot of corrosive inorganic ions, scaling ions and some dissolved gases that can cause corrosion. It brings serious corrosion and scaling problem to the gathering and transportation system. In this paper, the corrosion scaling experiment of gathering pipeline steel was carried out by simulating the water quality of produced water. The corrosion and scaling mechanism and the influence of various factors on corrosion and scaling law were studied. Firstly, the dynamic and static corrosion rate of X65 under the influence of different factors: temperature 30-70. C), the dynamic corrosion rate is larger than the static corrosion rate, and the dynamic corrosion rate reaches the maximum at 50.C. The static corrosion rate reached the maximum at 60 鈩,
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