输气站场控制系统SIL分析与应用研究

发布时间：2018-04-26 02:08

本文选题：输气站场 + 安全仪表　；参考：《西南石油大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：输气站场作为整个天然气管输系统的枢纽,是保障整个输气系统正常运行的关键部分。安全仪表系统完整性评估技术(Safety Integrity Level, SIL)作为完整性管理的重要部分是保障输气站场安全可靠运行的有效措施之一。在SIL的实际应用中主要存在安全仪表系统(Safety Instrumented System, SIS)是否设置合理的问题。目前,我国SIL发展处于起步阶段,尚未形成安全仪表功能应用体系,更没有针对输气站场SIL评估的整体方法及相应的验证软件。针对以上问题,基于功能安全影响因素,结合我国输气站场实际情况,研究SIL定级与SIL验证方法,建立输气站场SIL评估流程,编写SIL验证辅助软件,为我国输气站场SIL评估提供理论与技术支持,具体研究内容与取得的主要成果如下： (1)功能安全影响因素分析。对失效模式、冗余表决结构、共因失效、自诊断、维修模式、周期性功能测试、结构约束、失效数据等功能安全影响因素进行分析。明确失效率、维修模式、共因失效及结构约束对我国输气站场SIL评估结果可能造成较大影响。 (2)SIL定级方法研究。对矩阵法、风险图法、保护层法(Layer Of Protection Analysis, LOPA)的优缺点进行了比较,确定了精确度高的LOPA法作为输气站场SIL定级的方法,并建立输气站场安全仪表系统SIL定级流程。采用PHA-Pro8软件对成佳输气站场进行LOPA法进行SIL定级,得出1个安全仪表功能(Safety Instrumented Function, SIF)为SIL3,3个SIF为SIL2,1个为SIL1,其他为无要求。 (3)SIL验证模型研究。基于功能安全影响因素分析,针对共因失效问题,将冗余表决结构影响因子引入β因子模型中,建立共因失效综合模型。针对失效率为常数问题,引入基于D-S证据理论的Markov模型。针对维修为理想模式问题,以1oo2结构为例,建立非理想维修模式的Markov模型。 (4)建立输气站场SIL验证流程。针对输气站场安全仪表常用的冗余表决结构,建立1oo1、1oo2、2oo3、2oo2及loo1D结构的D-S Markov模型及包括结构约束的SIL验证流程。对成佳站SIS进行SIL验证,得出5个SIF只能达到SIL1的等级,其中4个SIF不满足要求。 (5)SIL验证软件的编写。基于(1)～(4)的研究,采用VB6.0程序语言编写了SIL验证软件,包含1oo1、1oo2、2oo3、2oo2及loo1D冗余表决结构,可选择Markov模型、D-S Markov模型、β因子模型及共因失效综合模型,对SIL等级进行验算,为输气站场的SIL验证提供技术支持。通过对成佳输气站场的SIL评估,证明该流程与软件有较好的工程实用性。
[Abstract]:As the hub of the whole natural gas pipeline system, the gas transmission station is the key part to ensure the normal operation of the whole gas transmission system. As an important part of integrity management, Safety Integrity level (sil) is one of the effective measures to ensure the safe and reliable operation of gas transmission station. In the practical application of SIL, there is the problem of whether the safety Instrumented system is reasonable. At present, the development of SIL in China is in its infancy, and the application system of safety instrumentation function has not been formed, and there is no overall method and corresponding verification software for the SIL evaluation of gas transmission station. In view of the above problems, based on the influencing factors of functional safety, combined with the actual situation of gas transmission station in China, this paper studies the SIL grading and SIL verification methods, establishes the SIL evaluation process of the gas transmission station, and compiles the SIL verification assistant software. It provides theoretical and technical support for SIL evaluation of gas transmission station in China. The specific research contents and main results obtained are as follows: Analysis of influencing factors of functional safety. Failure mode, redundant voting structure, common cause failure, self-diagnosis, maintenance mode, periodic function testing, structure constraint, failure data and other functional safety factors are analyzed. The failure rate, maintenance mode, common cause failure and structural constraints may have a great impact on the SIL evaluation results of gas transmission stations in China. Study on sil grading method. The advantages and disadvantages of matrix method, risk map method and layer Of Protection Analysis, LOPA) method are compared, and the LOPA method with high accuracy is determined as the SIL grading method of gas transmission station, and the SIL grading process of gas transmission station safety instrument system is established. By using PHA-Pro8 software to grade Chengjia gas transmission station by LOPA method, it is concluded that the safety Instrumented Function, SIF) of one safety instrument is SIL3, three SIF is SIL2, one is SIL1, and the other is not required. Study on sil verification model. Based on the analysis of the influencing factors of functional safety, the influence factors of redundant voting structure are introduced into the 尾 factor model for the common cause failure problem, and a common factor failure synthesis model is established. To solve the problem that failure rate is constant, Markov model based on D-S evidence theory is introduced. Aiming at the problem that maintenance is an ideal mode, the Markov model of non-ideal maintenance mode is established by taking the 1oo2 structure as an example. The SIL verification process of gas transmission station is established. Aiming at the redundant voting structure of gas transmission station safety instruments, the D-S Markov model of 1oo1O2O2O2O2O2O2O2O2O2O2and loo1D structure and the SIL verification process including structural constraints are established. By SIL verification of SIS in Chengjia station, it is concluded that 5 SIF can only reach the level of SIL1, and 4 SIF can not meet the requirements. Development of sil verification software. Based on the research, the SIL verification software is compiled by using VB6.0 program language, which includes 1oo1C 1oo2O2O2O2O3O2O2 and loo1D redundant voting structure. The Markov model, D-S Markov model, 尾 factor model and Synthetical model of common cause failure can be selected to check and calculate the SIL grade. Provide technical support for SIL verification of gas transmission station. Through the SIL evaluation of Chengjia Gas Transmission Station, it is proved that the flow and software have good engineering practicability.
【学位授予单位】：西南石油大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：TE832.2

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