天然气管道带压注胶卡具应用研究

发布时间：2018-04-27 12:43

本文选题：天然气输气管道 + 不停输堵漏　；参考：《东北石油大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：目前,我国输气管道建设取得巨大成就,陕京线,崖港线,涩宁兰,西气东输、西气东输线三线,陕京二线,冀宁线联络线和忠武线等重要管道已经完成,使中国的能源短缺问题有所缓解,然而,随着输气管道的连续运行,管线本身将会因为内外各种因素遭到破坏,尤其是在一般山区地带,由于地质条件差,特别是石方段,防腐绝缘层在运行过程中较易破损、老化,或是人为破坏、工艺改造导致输气管线腐蚀而发生穿孔或由于焊接质量等原因致使天然气微量泄漏,进而危及到上下游天然气生产活动和社会安定。研发一款结构合理、经济实用、安全可靠、满足不停输带压作业的天然气管道注胶卡具迫在眉睫。通过先期大量资料的收集、多次理论的讨论、然气管道注胶卡具总体设计、反复进行模拟试验、不断寻求改进、调整最适合的方案,最终研发了天然气管道不停输带压注胶卡具,主要由带密封腔的卡具、泄压堵漏系统、注胶系统组成,管线不停输封堵的实现共分4个阶段:卡具组装——卡具安装——注胶操作——钢罩焊接。适用于天然气管道支、干线爆管、穿孔等泄漏事故抢险工作(只要天然气管道泄漏处变形不严重时均可采用),可实现天然气管道不停输带压(0~4.5MPa)堵漏。天然气管道带压注胶卡具的应用产生的经济效益是显而易见的:(1)如果不采用带压堵漏卡具,而采用漏点上、下游阀室关阀,然后放空、置换气体、进行换管作业,一方面造成两阀室间所有天然气的放空损失,也造成了不必要的污染;另一方面,进行放空、置换气体、换管作业耗时比较长,对下游用户长时间的断气也会造成很大的负面影响。其造成的直接和间接损失会比较大。(2)如果采用不停输带压封堵技术,那也要先对漏点做好防护措施,保证封堵三通、旁通三通、平衡管短节的焊接安全,同时预制旁通管线,再进行开孔作业、封堵作业、换管作业、恢复管线的正常运行。完成这样一次带压封堵作业需要一个星期左右的时间,而且投资比较大,耗费的人力物力也较大。(3)采用不停输带压堵漏卡具进行抢险,堵漏迅速、耗费的人力物力比较少,既可以大大减少事故损失又可以保障下游的民用气和工业生产用气安全,避免了对下游用户长时间的断气造成的负面影响。
[Abstract]:At present, great achievements have been made in the construction of gas pipelines in China. Important pipelines, such as Shaanjing Line, Yagang Line, Shining Ning Lan Line, West to East Gas Transmission Line 3, Shaanjing Line 2, Hebei and Nanjing Line, and Zhongwu Line, have been completed. The problem of energy shortage in China has been alleviated. However, with the continuous operation of the gas pipeline, the pipeline itself will be destroyed because of various internal and external factors, especially in the mountainous areas in general, because of the poor geological conditions, especially in the stone section. The anticorrosive insulation layer is easy to be damaged, aged, or artificially damaged during operation. The gas pipeline is corroded by technological modification, or gas leakage is caused by welding quality, etc. Thus endangering the upstream and downstream natural gas production activities and social stability. The development of a reasonable structure, economic and practical, safe and reliable, to meet the pressure of natural gas pipeline injection card imminent. Through collecting a large amount of data in advance and discussing many theories, the general design of the rubber injection clamps for the natural gas pipeline, the repeated simulation tests, the continuous search for improvement and the adjustment of the most suitable scheme, Finally, the natural gas pipeline non-stop pipeline pressure injection clamp was developed, which mainly consists of a clamping device with a seal cavity, a pressure relief and plugging system, and a glue injection system. The realization of pipeline non-stop plugging is divided into four stages: clamping assembly, clamping installation, glue injection operation-steel cover welding. It is suitable for emergency work of leakage accidents such as natural gas pipeline branch, main line pipe burst, perforation, etc. (if the deformation of gas pipeline leakage is not serious, it can be used to realize gas pipeline leakage continuously with pressure of 0 ~ 4.5MPa). The economic benefits of the application of the natural gas pipeline with pressure glue clamps are obvious: (1) if you do not use pressure stoppers, instead of using the leak points, the upstream and downstream valve chambers close the valves, then empty, replace the gas, and change pipes. On the one hand, it causes the loss of all natural gas between the two valve chambers, and it also causes unnecessary pollution. On the other hand, the operation of emptying, replacing gas and changing pipes takes a long time. Long-term gas outages to downstream users will also cause a significant negative impact. The direct and indirect losses caused by this method will be relatively large. (2) if the non-stop transmission and pressure plugging technology is adopted, it should also take good protection measures on the leakage points first to ensure the safety of sealing the three links, bypass three links, and the welding safety of the short joints of the balance pipe, and at the same time, to prefabricate the bypass pipes. Open hole operation, plugging operation, pipe change operation, restore the normal operation of the pipeline. It takes about a week to complete such a pressure plugging operation, and the investment is relatively large, and the manpower and material resources involved are also large. The accident loss can be greatly reduced and the safety of civil gas and gas used in industrial production can be guaranteed, thus avoiding the negative effects on the downstream users from gas outages for a long time.
【学位授予单位】：东北石油大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：TE97

【相似文献】